alt.hn

7/15/2026 at 1:11:01 PM

Microsoft Confirms Windows GDID Device Identifier That Cannot Be Disabled

 https://www.ghacks.net/2026/07/12/microsoft-confirms-windows-gdid-device-identifier-that-cannot-be-disabled-documented-in-fbi-case-filing/

by robtherobber

7/15/2026 at 5:26:15 PM

User nashashmi [1]:

  So this kid uses his home computer at his home, and they trace him down with 
  the IP address, and the IP address also makes a request for Windows Updates.
  And that narrows down the Device ID. The device id is now traced to this kid.
That seems more likely, I hope, than Edge/Windows secretly telemetering your GDID and every URL you visit to Redmond. It's a huge privacy hole still, but they can plausibly deny they set out to track you across the web using their OS.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48815196#48818368

by hughw

7/15/2026 at 7:06:28 PM

That could be how they initially associated the hacker with his GDID, but the criminal filing explicitly mentions that they were able to use Microsoft records to determine that his computer visited specific webpages:

> According to Microsoft records, on or about May 12, 2025, at 19:21 UTC—when, according to ngrok records, the ngrok account was created—the device with the GDID accessed, among other ngrok pages, “https://dashboard.ngrok.com/signup,” the ngrok page to set up an ngrok account.

> Microsoft records also indicate: (1) the user of the device assigned the GDID accessed multiple sites from Tzulo servers in May 2025, including the .168 server (the IP address used to create the ngrok account) on May 12, 2025; and (2) the user of the device assigned the GDID, on May 12, 2025 at 22:47 UTC, a little more than three hours after the ngrok account was created, the user visited “[Company F].com” from the .168 proxy server.

by ndiddy

7/15/2026 at 2:51:54 PM

> The ID is generated when Windows is set up with a Microsoft Account

So not only was this “hacker” using Windows and Edge, they singed in to windows with a Microsoft account. And then used that same computer for their social media. Nice.

by 14u2c

7/15/2026 at 2:57:02 PM

The ID is generated even if you only create a local user account. I don't know to what extent that affects tracking/telemetry though.

by crtasm

7/15/2026 at 4:04:24 PM

It's fascinating, right?

I'm not a "hacker" by any means, but I would probably use a Qubes based system with a dedicated "hacking" VM, only use anonymous VPNs connected from public WiFi access points (having left my mobile at home) while wearing a fake beard and STILL be paranoid that I somehow somewhere make a mistake.

by steve1977

7/15/2026 at 4:10:33 PM

That's what hackers do in popular stories, right? In reality, most cybercriminsls just don't care that much (they usually use Tor browser, though). I mean they mostly use discord and telegram (both unencrypted).

Serious "hackers" are usually state sponsored now, or members of mature groups.

by ffaccount2

7/15/2026 at 4:14:28 PM

They don't care, I would say they don't know.

I saw an article where they analyzed the leaked IP addresses from a breach forum, and some of the top ten were Surfshark and iCloud Private relay.

by Cider9986

7/15/2026 at 4:40:16 PM

>and some of the top ten were Surfshark and iCloud Private relay.

what's wrong with icloud private relay? It uses a 2-hop architecture so it's probably more private than any single-hop VPN.

by gruez

7/15/2026 at 8:13:26 PM

It's good, but it's funny to think about cybercriminals running Safari and an iCloud+ Apple account.

by Cider9986

7/15/2026 at 4:12:00 PM

Qubes is probably the best option but, the last time I checked, it didn't have certain deniability features that someone with the feds in their threat model might prefer.

Personally I'd say use Qubes because it might be better at preventing you from getting raided in the first place.

Decisions decisions.

by Cider9986

7/15/2026 at 3:45:41 PM

>The Global Device Identifier (GDID) is a permanent ID assigned when Windows provisions against a Microsoft Account.

So again, the "make an account" is the part you ALWAYS skip. Local accounts or it technically isn't even a PC anymore.

by 1970-01-01

7/15/2026 at 2:11:43 PM

How exactly does Microsoft link their gdid to a hotel booking?

Hotels last I saw don't collect an obscure gdid...

Did this victim use edge and sync their browser history or something perhaps?

by londons_explore

7/15/2026 at 3:32:03 PM

Edge has a feature where it will periodically pull the bookmarks and browsing history from any other browsers you have installed, so they'll then get sent to Microsoft and associated with your Microsoft account. This was initially enabled by default without the user's consent, although I believe now you may have to opt into it if you do a fresh Windows install. I only realized this was a thing because one time my work PC rebooted to install an update, then Edge came up instead of Firefox, but with all my Firefox tabs. I guess this was part of some effort to try to trick old people who wouldn't notice the difference into switching to Edge. Here's a news article about someone else running into this when it started happening: https://www.theverge.com/24054329/microsoft-edge-automatic-c...

by ndiddy

7/15/2026 at 3:37:02 PM

"Old" people? How about the vast majority of the public, which is not represented on HN?

Not to mention that one of the many major UI regressions in Windows is the removal of title bars from application windows, which is fundamental to this "trick." Try opening a PDF in Edge and also in Acrobat. Neither window has a title bar, and they are otherwise almost identical. You have to scrutinize the very few controls around the window to determine which app you're looking at.

Microsoft and its software are trash now.

by VerifiedReports

7/15/2026 at 4:03:27 PM

Adobe provides PDF viewer that is embedded in Edge...

by buccal

7/15/2026 at 4:12:32 PM

Edge has less browser market share than Firefox right now, it's not the "vast majority."

by VCFundedGenYer

7/15/2026 at 4:50:56 PM

I don’t believe that, there’s probably some missing data. Outside the techno echo chamber that HNers live in, most people use the defaults. I see people using adware browsers that were installed without their knowledge. Computers are just too complex for most people to notice details like what web browser they use.

by simulator5g

7/15/2026 at 6:35:29 PM

Until they inevitable use Google, and it shows a big popup saying something like "Hey there you should use Chrome its way better and faster, click this button to get it" and then they end up with Chrome. Its basically how Chrome got such a large share of the market despite default browsers like Safari and IE/Edge.

by robotnikman

7/15/2026 at 7:24:36 PM

Didn't Chrome also come bundled with other software like torrent clients? That is, unless you unchecked a checkbox in the installer for these software, you ended up with Chrome installed? Unless people were careful to pay attention to every checkbox on every installer, Chrome could end up installed without their knowledge.

by cesarb

7/15/2026 at 5:45:11 PM

> so they'll then get sent to Microsoft and associated with your Microsoft account.

The import is entirely local, the "sent to Microsoft" bit is if you have Edge sync enabled. This is identical to Chrome importing your Firefox data and then syncing it back to Google. Except the Edge import was, by reports at the time, accidentally auto-enabled. But you'd still have to sign into Edge and enable sync.

by smileybarry

7/15/2026 at 7:09:28 PM

It's been a while since I last used Windows 11, but as far as I'm aware using a Microsoft account will automatically sign you into Edge and Edge sync is enabled by default unless you go into the settings and disable it.

by ndiddy

7/15/2026 at 7:12:23 PM

I think it defaults to showing the account in Edge but enabling sync still requires a button click. I'll see if I can verify this with a spare PC somewhere.

by smileybarry

7/15/2026 at 5:21:06 PM

[dead]

by onetokeoverthe

7/15/2026 at 3:09:53 PM

There's a blurb in the article:

>"Massgrave, the group behind Microsoft Activation Scripts, has noted that Windows setup sends hardware info to Microsoft and receives identifiers back that are later used for Store access and licensing. Blocking GDID assignment breaks both activation and UWP apps."

I think probably it sends the gdid back to Microsoft as part of telemetry/updates/MS account periodic re-auth, which lets them know the current IP address, and then once the government has Microsoft's logs and the various target websites' logs, they can correlate based on IP address. I don't think it's actually sending the gdid to the web sites. Maybe.

This serves to further illustrate that nobody should be using Windows for anything that involves the need for privacy. And doubly, triply, and morefold so, nobody should ever sign a Windows machine into a MS account for any reason.

by CommieBobDole

7/15/2026 at 2:41:16 PM

Edge seems likely. Its settings include:

>Send optional diagnostic data to improve Microsoft products [Includes how you use the browser, websites you visit, and enhanced error reporting. Determined by your Windows diagnostic data setting]

>Allow Microsoft to save your browsing activity including history, usage, favourites, web content, and other browsing data to personalise and improve Microsoft Edge and Microsoft services like ads, search, shopping, news, and Copilot [Includes your history, usage, favourites, web content and other browsing data]

by crtasm

7/15/2026 at 2:21:43 PM

Probably had his laptop with him and they simply traced the gdid to a specific IP address that they determined belonged to the hotel

by mixdup

7/15/2026 at 2:44:15 PM

How does the GDID compare to the UDID (Unique Device Identifier) and serial number in iOS; and the Apple Hardware UUID and serial number of Macs?

by WalterGR

7/15/2026 at 3:33:02 PM

well, mostly the name. And the fact MS gave away GDID - IP mapping to the govt.

by PunchyHamster

7/15/2026 at 4:39:21 PM

Is there any reason to think that the government couldn't force Apple to hand over the same data? They may or may not have taken over entire rooms at Apple (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_641A) but you can bet they've at least got devices sitting on their network collecting data.

by autoexec

7/15/2026 at 3:46:50 PM

They caught a 19 year old hacker that uses Edge, and all it took was the privacy of 1.4 billion Windows users.

by AlienRobot

7/15/2026 at 3:58:53 PM

At it again!

by aniwalunj

7/15/2026 at 3:50:47 PM

i wont even dual boot windows on my linux machine, dont trust them not to vacuum up my linux drive data when i boot into windows. also just recently discovered their attempt to hijack the entire pc industry with secure boot, they are consistent gotta give them that. why do i have microsoft keys installed on my motherboard when im not even using windows.

by globalnode

7/15/2026 at 6:33:32 PM

> dont trust them not to vacuum up my linux drive data when i boot into windows.

LUKS

by ThePowerOfFuet

7/15/2026 at 3:43:02 PM

One more proof that Windows is malware.

by drnick1

7/15/2026 at 4:10:30 PM

Linux has the same kind of identifier at /etc/machine-id... readable by default by basically any application on the system.

by ranger_danger

7/15/2026 at 5:20:17 PM

This is a systemd identifier, not strictly speaking a "Linux" identifier.

In any case, an executable allowed to run on a host can trivially fingerprint the machine it is running on using a combination of hardware identifiers. Removing or rotating machine-id does not buy you any privacy against a malicious app.

What I find most surprising in this story is how careless these "hackers" were. You would think that people engaged in this type of activities would use throwaway devices running free operating systems and VMs, not personal devices logged into Snapchat and Facebook.

by drnick1

7/15/2026 at 4:12:18 PM

Which is also well documented and trivially rotatable by anyone with root on the machine. How do you rotate the MS identifier?

by aftbit

7/15/2026 at 4:26:04 PM

https://github.com/gd03gd031/Windows-GDID-Changer

> well documented and trivially rotatable

Yes, but almost nobody does that or complains about it at all, even though applications may have been silently phoning it home for many years now.

by ranger_danger

7/15/2026 at 4:42:52 PM

>https://github.com/gd03gd031/Windows-GDID-Changer

sounds like you can rotate it, but it doesn't really matter because the registration/rotation process sends a bunch of static information to microsoft, which means they can re-correlate the the old id back to the new id.

by gruez

7/15/2026 at 4:16:23 PM

...and that can be changed at-will.

by rpdillon

7/15/2026 at 4:27:45 PM

same for the windows GDID

by ranger_danger

7/15/2026 at 3:57:50 PM

How is this not a the mother of all GDPR violations?

by yodon