alt.hn

6/30/2026 at 4:51:12 AM

The end of my AArch64 desktop experiment

 https://marcin.juszkiewicz.com.pl/2026/06/26/the-end-of-the-aarch64-desktop-experiment/

by signa11

6/30/2026 at 6:45:26 AM

I'm not surprised at the outcome. These Ampere system single core/thread performance is pretty low and that is where you feel it. The OS/software simply cannot allocate the threads across enough cores effectively to make up for this difference.

This is why things like the Apple M Series feels so fast, because while they don't win the multi core performance especially when going up against a 80 core beast like this, they have single thread performance exactly were it is needed.

Maybe we will need 80 cores in future, that is cool but for daily home use it is still just way too much for what we need.

by HerbManic

6/30/2026 at 9:59:51 AM

Apple M series is also aarch64 architecture, isn't it? Could you explain more why you expect Ampere to be slow but M series to be fast?

by akoboldfrying

6/30/2026 at 10:27:00 AM

Apple design their own Arm-compatible cores from scratch. Ampere use a modified Arm Neoverse N1 core. In addition, the Ampere server that Marcin is using is about 6 years old, and would have been tuned for core count over single thread performance (good for web serving). Basically Arm's own cores aren't nearly as good as Apple's at the best of times, and having a 6 year old server makes things even worse.

by rwmj

6/30/2026 at 10:46:35 AM

Because they're designed for different things.

Ampere's primary focus is running lots of simple tasks concurrently, at relatively low power, with lots of I/O. So, many tens to hundreds of cores, not too fast, at lower power draw than amd64, with lots of PCIe lanes for storage and network.

Apple's primary focus is user experience and power efficiency. That's why you'll find a handful of fast performance cores and low power efficiency cores, along with graphics acceleration to drive high resolution displays.

by jdub

7/1/2026 at 5:41:38 AM

To expand on what others have said, aarch64 merely defines the set of instructions that the CPU can perform. That has an impact on how you design processors, but you can still design multiple completely different processor architectures with different performance characteristics that all implement the aarch64 instruction set.

by ItsHarper

6/30/2026 at 10:27:38 AM

Ampere Altra is for cloud/datacenters/servers where multithreaded throughput is approximately all that matters. Apple M series is for consumers.

by dzaima

7/1/2026 at 8:33:31 AM

The whole thing just screams square-pegs-in-round-holes, for a desktop PC he bought a data-centre-server MB with a CPU with $ludicrous cores with an unsupported (qualified) GPU and a custom-built kernel... it sounds like he's trying to get a spot on Animarchy's YT channel, with his trademark line "And then... it got worse".

by pseudohadamard

7/1/2026 at 2:02:11 PM

From the article:

> I work at Red Hat. Mostly on AArch64 support in several projects.

So an ARM developer, working for a major Linux distro vendor and trying to dogfood their work, used the closest thing to an ARM workstation that Linux can run on.

What other alternatives would you suggest? The various Apple Silicon or Snapdragon laptops that have their own well-documented problems running Linux? A smartphone running as a desktop?

There aren't very many ARM-based options that are even feasible for use as a developer desktop, even if the software did work correctly.

by theevilsharpie

7/2/2026 at 1:48:38 AM

Apart from the obvious "well, don't do that then", I'd probably use an ARM-based ODroid for development work, and if I needed more horsepower, the ODroid as a front-end for said thing with more horsepower.

(I actually do development on ODroids, they're quite nice, if underpowered compared to the Intel/AMD equivalents).

by pseudohadamard

6/30/2026 at 9:31:12 AM

I don't understand the kernel problem. Why did he feel he had to rebuild the kernel weekly? When the amdgpu stopped working why couldn't he just go back to the last working kernel?

by dn3500

6/30/2026 at 10:09:29 AM

He said he needed patches to make the GPUs work. Kernel package auto-updated does not have those patches and overwrites the custom kernel he built every time there was an update available.

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 10:29:03 AM

You can disable automatic kernel updates on almost every distribution. Most people that use secure boot and Nvidia do it.

by trentor

6/30/2026 at 11:19:26 AM

I wouldn't know. I run Gentoo. :)

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 10:06:22 AM

I presumed that as a kernel developer, he would run the kernel he runs, which would require rebuilding periodically. Daily doesn't make sense, monthly is too infrequent given the rate of change in the kernel.

My speculation though. When I was building an app I was using, I used to run a recent stable build on my device instead of just the one released in the Play Store. Simplifies having to keep multiple devices.

by nevi-me

6/30/2026 at 9:27:36 AM

Fascinating! I've been running the laptop version-ish of this experiment with the 14M9610, and my major complaint is Device Tree sucks. It's been explained to me why all of ARM can't just enumerate devices like PCs do, but it still sucks. This means every ARM device starts off in custom kernel territory, which makes all sorts of hacks okay to begin with, since you need a custom kernel anyway.

by fragmede

6/30/2026 at 9:56:21 AM

ACPI does exist for Aarch64, but is only really used for Windows client devices, and server hardware - though I think the Ampere hardware in the article would use ACPI not DT.

If you want to run Linux on one of the modern Qualcomm Windows laptops, you still generally end up needing to use device tree.

by bpye

6/30/2026 at 10:10:54 AM

This is not completely true. You can use a generic kernel with a custom device tree.

The only problem is that distributions currently tend to package them together, but that shouldn't be obligatory.

by bestouff

6/30/2026 at 11:33:59 AM

You can't if the firmware provided DTB doesn't follow any upstream Linux approved bindings and instead uses some vendor kernel specific bindings.

by dezgeg

6/30/2026 at 12:13:32 PM

Why would you combine mainline kernel with manufacturer device tree? Kernel includes its own device trees.

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 1:23:38 PM

(S)he has a point. Sometimes the vendor dtb is all you have.

by bestouff

6/30/2026 at 10:12:28 AM

> my major complaint is Device Tree sucks

Why? Device tree is great. You can patch it yourself if something doesn't work, add overlays, etc.

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 10:32:16 AM

It's a bad solution compared to having the hardware just enumerate itself like PCI does. (No one uses the firmware supplied DTs because they're usually broken.)

by rwmj

6/30/2026 at 11:48:42 AM

All IBM PC clones had (or emulated) the same 8253 timer, 8259 PIC, 8237 DMA controller, 8042 keyboard controller, CMOS RTC, 8250/16550 serial port, standard IDE/PATA, standard framebuffer addresses, standard PCI and ISA register addresses, FPU was always at IRQ13, mouse at IRQ12, RTC at IRQ8, LPT at 0x378, PC speaker at 0x61, etc.

All this doesn't require any enumeration and was still standard until BIOS/CSM was removed. PCs could use the same IDE driver for 30 years of hardware! All chipsets were compatible, from 386 to today's SATA in compatibility mode.

ARM made the mistake of not standardizing anything beside CPU instructions (and even those aren't always the same - see the mess armv7 created with thumb, thumb-ee, simd, neon, crypto acceleration, etc.). Of course it needs enumeration. But x86 is now catching up with the mess. Just wait...

Enumeration instead of standardized hw is bad, but I prefer the least worse device tree.

by M95D

7/1/2026 at 1:11:05 PM

IBM PC is the exception here, because how clones came to be, actually.

So ARM did what everyone else has always have done.

by pjmlp

6/30/2026 at 10:49:02 AM

Take a look at how modern PCs enumerate all of their non-PCI hardware. I'll put a bucket over here.

by jdub

6/30/2026 at 1:01:17 PM

> No one uses the firmware supplied DTs because they're usually broken.

Oh, and an even more complex UEFI+ACPI solution won't be broken?

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 2:20:41 PM

Many years of x86_64 PCs would seem to imply that it empirically has better outcomes.

by yjftsjthsd-h

7/1/2026 at 6:55:05 PM

My own experience is the opposite. Since ~2006 when I fist started using Linux, all systems had ACPI errors in Linux, sometimes making some hw components completely unusable in Linux. Device tree boards either just worked (Raspberry) or I patched them until they did (Asus, Radxa).

And you don't have to belive me. See what Linus said[1] about ACPI:

> [...] ACPI was designed by a group of monkeys high on LSD, and is some of the worst designs in the industry [...]

[1] https://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0507.3/2331.html

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 12:06:44 PM

But ARM has PCI, including it's enumeration. For the many other devices (timer, uart, I2c, PCI controller itself) no enumeration is possible - you can't enumerate searching for a timer without having a working timer - only a hardware description stored somewhere is possible. The device tree is the most logical, easy to understand, fixable, updateable and extendable way to describe hardware. It doesn't have executable code like ACPI does, and that's also one of the good things.

Let's take an example. Raspberry Pi doesn't have a RTC, but it has GPIO header. You add a RTC module on that header, one of several models of RTCs.

With the device tree, you load an overlay with some parameters and a kernel driver module. And it works.

How do you do that with ACPI? Ask the manufacturer for a UEFI update that scans for dozens of RTC types on each I2c bus? Good luck with that! What happens 5 years later when the board is long abandoned (not Raspberry's case, but think of an ordinary chinese manufacturer)?

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 9:11:11 AM

> there was no org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.nvidia in Flatpak repositories for AArch64

All he had to do was build some packages from source, right? It's really worth learning how to do this, since it removes a lot of constraints.

And the kernel patch should land in the kernel pretty soon, I hope? He won't have to run a patched kernel forever. Should be possible to get that in a release in a year or so?

by edg5000

6/30/2026 at 10:50:44 AM

I don't know if it's your intent, but that reads really condescending. It's obvious the author knows how to build packages from source. They're working professionally for a Linux distro on arch support!

But that was several layers deep into yak shaving broken graphics, and at some point you need to actually get your real work done.

by jsnell

6/30/2026 at 12:46:13 PM

That he ran into blockers with the exotic setup is understandable. After overcoming a bunch of challenges, I was surprised to read that the missing Flatpak package stopped him in his tracks, that felt surprising when I read it. It feels like a lesser challenge than the issues he has already addressed.

by edg5000

6/30/2026 at 2:18:08 PM

> at some point you need to actually get your real work done

I guess my impression was that in this case the yak shaving was the real work, or at least a part of it? If you're trying to make ARM support fully work in your distro, then daily-driving it and dealing with these things is how you get there. Granted, if that's not the goal and they were just having fun by using an ARM box, that's fair.

by yjftsjthsd-h

6/30/2026 at 9:14:48 PM

I feel that OP should be congratulated on trying!

I dont see this experiment as any kind of "failure". Something was learned, and OP is better off for it. Computing and science literature would be a lot better off if people, like OP, honestly documented where things went wrong.

by kjellsbells

7/1/2026 at 1:27:07 PM

My ARM64 experiment started in 2020 with the MacBook Air M1 and I have not looked back. ARM on the desktop or your lap is possible.

by st3fan

6/30/2026 at 10:14:14 AM

I'm not sure why the author didn't attempt to dive deeper into the error message he saw. amd_vcn_dec sounds like it's an issue with the GPU's video decoding logic. If there's a timeout when trying to process a decode request, it may be that power management for the GPU is buggy somehow. Given that this is a server build and idle power consumption is likely not a big deal, I'd suggest pinning the GPU power state to see if it resolves the issue (see amdgpu.ppfeaturemask and amdgpu.runpm kernel parameters).

by 10000truths

6/30/2026 at 11:10:43 AM

I believe something I call "the window phenomenon" has occurred. Sometimes, life allows you have the time to do these big experiments on your life and then it gets busy again and you can't dive into it with the same capacity, so you have to do what you have to do while surviving what you have at hand.

I have gone through many patches like this, and I believe he had to handle life while is experimental workstation had to limp through.

Then when he had the time, he had just pulled the plug.

by bayindirh

6/30/2026 at 12:32:52 PM

I designed and built my own DSL router: component selection, PCB design, and so on. When NBN upgraded the link to my home I simply went and bought a 10Gbps ethernet router. Despite any compact PC with SFP+ cages doing the same job more cheaply.

Exactly because the window of time I had for fooling with home networking had closed.

by vk5tu

6/30/2026 at 1:13:45 PM

Same here, I was digging a bug in TrueNAS. I traced the bug, dug the code up, isolated it and let people know. Before doing the detailed bug report, life happened.

At least the code is there, info is there and other people are picking up the flag where I left. This is how I comfort myself. At least I was able to push the process a little further.

by bayindirh

6/30/2026 at 2:39:54 PM

I would like to take a moment for this line:

> The “wooster” system stays powered on, churning through RISC-V package builds. It may be weak in single-thread, but it flies when it comes to multi-core load.

Feels vaguely hilarious that the ARM box didn't work out as a desktop, so instead it gets repurposed to cross-compiling RISC-V packages:)

by yjftsjthsd-h

6/30/2026 at 9:43:02 AM

I wonder if a source-based distro like Gentoo would have made OP's life slightly easier. Portage for instance should allow you to maintain a set of patches to automatically apply when you update your kernel. Those flatpak problems also shouldn't exist there.

by ginko

6/30/2026 at 10:07:57 AM

At very least it would have given all those cores something to do :-)

by lonelyasacloud

6/30/2026 at 5:23:11 AM

Can the ThinkPad T14 ARM Snapdragon variant function without pain as a daily Linux/BSD driver?

by __patchbit__

6/30/2026 at 7:14:17 AM

Snapdragon has excellent single-thread performance (unlike Ampere) if that’s what you’re asking.

by sedatk

6/30/2026 at 8:48:07 PM

Qualcomm are slowly but steadily improving Linux support for the X1/X2 Snapdragon CPUs (such as the qcom-hamoa-ec driver in 7.2), so it's still a wait. I think there's some challenges with Secure Boot and the firmware with these Lenovo devices though.

by jordand

6/30/2026 at 11:14:47 AM

Unlikely. I've been daily-driving the predecessor (X13s). While it's usable and technically all drivers are there, it's far from "without pain" due to endless number of small but annoying quirks. Just to give you an idea: boot fails 4 out of 5 times, external displays aren't recognized unless plugged in/out several times, sporadic resets during overnight sleep, etc. On top of that speakers will sound prohibitively tinny due unimplemented software-side speaker protection. I haven't tried T14s, but at least the audio issues will still apply there.

Apple devices supported by Asahi are a far more polished experience.

by neobrain

6/30/2026 at 12:16:41 PM

> software-side speaker protection

What's that?

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 3:15:39 PM

See https://asahilinux.org/2024/01/fedora-asahi-new/#speakers

The effect is understated there, perhaps because Apple speakers are actually somewhat usable without this feature. For the X13s, the speakers might as well not exist in the current state on Linux.

by neobrain

7/2/2026 at 9:31:49 AM

Complexity in the name of cost cutting. A hardware power limiter based on temperature would cost... $1? A thermal pipe from speakers to case acting as a radiator would be... $5?

by M95D

6/30/2026 at 10:00:38 AM

When I looked at this before I found https://github.com/kuruczgy/x1e-nixos-config - reasonable though not 100% support.

I believe Ubuntu also has semi official X1 elite support, no idea if they're working on the latest generation.

by bpye

6/30/2026 at 6:44:24 AM

Without pain? I mean, there is pain when using Linux. It just works better than, say, Windows.

by shevy-java

6/30/2026 at 9:15:50 AM

I just setup Gentoo on a Lenovo laptop last week. It was the least painful process for a Linux laptop of my entire career. Everything just works. Even sleep and the fingerprint sensor for sudo. LLM tuis replaced Google entirely.

I can't even say there was any pain whatsoever. The experience is now more akin to MacOS circa 10.6.x years.

by hparadiz

6/30/2026 at 9:37:19 AM

Was it a Snapdragon laptop? Because if it wasn't, then it has nothing to do with the OPs question.

by izacus

6/30/2026 at 9:44:29 AM

Driver support for that particular Lenovo is 100%. You just recompile. The issue is more to do with the CPU not being as good as say an AMD AI Max or an M4.

by hparadiz

6/30/2026 at 8:36:56 AM

I use a DGX Spark every day as my daily driver and it's great. I barely use the "AI" facilities of it, but as an Aarch64 desktop Linux, I have no complaints.

by cmrdporcupine

6/30/2026 at 6:20:11 PM

I'm glad I'm not the only weirdo like this. I dropped an unfathomable $800 on a Jetson AGX Xavier in early 2020 simply because I was obsessed with SBCs at the time and couldn't stop thinking about it. This was before the Raspberry/Orange Pi 5 and Apple Silicon. I still use it as a graphics development workstation.

by aj_hackman

6/30/2026 at 6:32:32 PM

I dunno, I kept working on projects and at shops that had an Aarch64 deployment scenario that ended up involving cross compilation anyways. Either in the cloud in docker images on Aarch64 VPS, or on SBC for embedded systems. To me it was partially about eating my own dog food to have an ARM workstation without giving up Linux. And to have a giant amount of RAM and high speed networking at the same time.

Also a chance to learn some of the serving stack for inference.

In the end, it's worked out. It is power efficient, it shipped with a vendor supported Ubuntu. I can run Qwen 3.6 27b reasonably well on it. And it basically does everything I need applications wise.

It's also small and convenient enough I can toss it in a backpack and take it with me on trips when I'm staying at my elderly parents, just needing monitor/keyboard/mouse.

A laptop with same chipset would be nice but has its own downsides.

by cmrdporcupine

6/30/2026 at 1:26:47 PM

Well it's also more than double the price

by anthonj

6/30/2026 at 1:34:36 PM

It wasn't super badly priced when I bought it back in December. It was high, but not insane. It's memory and storage prices that have spiked it. Remember the thing has 128GB of RAM. If you spec a Mac out with the same quantity, it will be in the same price range.

Certainly way cheaper than a Ampere system like the author here is talking about. I actually looked into building such a system and ... it feels weird to gripe about DGX Spark prices when building out a system like that. The Altra requires ECC RAM (though DDR4 at least). Have fun kitting that out.

Those systems were built for highly highly concurrent multicore server (or some workstation) loads. Meant to be carved up into multiple virtual machines, really. I have plenty of applications that would do well on a machine like that, but playing YouTube videos etc is not one of them.

by cmrdporcupine

6/30/2026 at 3:48:22 PM

Ahh that's true, I forgot how badly prices are raising

by anthonj

6/30/2026 at 10:16:05 AM

I’ve been using ARM Debian desktop stably for a long time. I don’t see what the issue is, am I missing something or is this just his hardware choice?

by john_alan

6/30/2026 at 2:38:22 PM

Largely hardware-specific problems, yes, which is typical for ARM in my experience. Although, I would argue that

> It turned out that there was no org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.nvidia in Flatpak repositories for AArch64. And I used both of those tools quite often.

is more on the side of being a software problem... with this particular hardware.

by yjftsjthsd-h

6/30/2026 at 7:59:53 AM

I see the problem, but I don't see a clear analysis on the actual source of the problem. I assumed the issue was mainly single core performance, but he is also suggesting context switches could be the cause?

So could you fix that with a new scheduler? Or you just need another SoC with better single core performance? I could imagine that the latter already exists, just not in soc with >16 cores. My naive view is that such high core count system comes with tradoff on core size and interconnect/memeory bus complexity.

And I mean.. my phone is a middle lower end device and for sure I can play youtube videos (maybe in a popup as well) and run the browser without noticing that much difference from my laptop.

by anthonj

6/30/2026 at 8:39:37 AM

I think the single core performance would be bearable if it wasn't combined with maintaining a custom built kernel.

by KaiserPro

6/30/2026 at 9:40:26 AM

I don't think youtube playback is a relevant comparison since it uses ~0 CPU. Pretty much all phones have hardware accelerated decoding. Lots of TVs and streaming devices use an ancient Android phone SoC yet they too can play YT and run a browser. The entire UI is often a local web app.

by NavinF

6/30/2026 at 10:59:54 AM

I imagine, be he mentions video playback on youtube making things worse, and he does have a dedicated amd gpu.

But iirc for both Firefox and chromium on Linux desktop hw acceleration is tricky so maybe it's that.

by anthonj

6/30/2026 at 7:45:43 PM

Yes anything GPU related other than CUDA is a shit show on Linux desktop. Another issue is that YT loves to use AV1 if they know you're on desktop. Almost all desktop users have a CPU powerful enough to software decode it in realtime, but if you're on a prebuilt PC you'll definitely notice the fans kick in

by NavinF

7/1/2026 at 2:07:31 PM

I can't speak for Firefox, but Google Chrome (and presumably anything Chromium-based) has working hardware-accelerated video on AMD and Intel GPUs.

It does admittedly take some effort to set up; I assume Google is hesitant to enable it by default because of issues with Nvidia GPUs. But when configured, it works and has for years.

by theevilsharpie

6/30/2026 at 8:16:44 AM

The AArch64 desktop experiment started in 2020 with the Macbook M1 and it ended in 2026 with great success with Apple phasing out support for Intel.

It is called Apple Silicon.

by rvz

6/30/2026 at 9:27:21 AM

If you think running a Linux desktop on an Ampere is bad, try running it on an M5 Mac!

by jeroenhd

6/30/2026 at 8:19:07 AM

Which is somewhat useless because it doesn't properly support ACPI/UEFI so that you can boot other operating systems

by preisschild

6/30/2026 at 8:35:30 AM

Linux on apple silicon is a thing though: https://asahilinux.org/

by boxed

6/30/2026 at 8:57:43 AM

True, but they had to implement their own bootloader chain and because of such overhead they need a lot of effort to port to each new apple SoC generation

by preisschild

6/30/2026 at 11:38:06 AM

That is the reality for huge amount of ARM powered hardware, unless you fancy running vendor forks of kernel, u-boot, etc.

by dezgeg

6/30/2026 at 3:57:10 PM

True, but not for all arm powered hardware. Especially the more expansive ones. The ampere altra based boards for example do support booting an uefi iso just like on amd64 PCs.

Look out for Systemready

by preisschild

6/30/2026 at 10:39:42 AM

Ok.. and? That's job someone has already done, so what does it matter?

From what I've understood there's significant backwards compatibility for the new SoCs, so the significant work they need to do is to support new features, not getting things running.

by boxed

6/30/2026 at 8:36:10 AM

Wasn’t booting other operating systems supported from early on (two months after release of M1)? It was reverse engineering the graphics hardware that took time and effort.

by laurencerowe

6/30/2026 at 10:55:18 AM

he does not mention AI usage.

how it helped to solve problems and search over git sources.

intresting what he would achieve mixing nixos and ai for patches.

by dlahoda

6/30/2026 at 11:12:04 AM

AI will be more harmful than helpful than a very big and unexplored (for them) codebase for them.

Moreover, playing with code which fiddles with hardware directly is neither simple, nor easy, nor fun.

by bayindirh

6/30/2026 at 5:53:15 PM

Big is what AI good at.

What exactly codebase is unexplored in article? Patches? Just load them in context. Linux is already in model as well as nix and hardware specs.

AI is good in search and playing(constrained synthesis) over hardware, Linux and configurations specs. Not fun thing.

by dlahoda

7/2/2026 at 11:59:35 AM

[flagged]

by brucejackson

7/1/2026 at 3:35:36 AM

[dead]

by mattbaconz

6/30/2026 at 6:43:49 AM

The Desktop Linux will take over from here guys. Next year it will be ready, together with GNU Hurd for everyone and their Grandma.

by shevy-java

6/30/2026 at 8:27:52 AM

Has anyone ever pretended that (non-Apple) ARM hardware running Linux makes for a remotely suitable desktop experience for the general public or are you shadow boxing here?

by mort96