Communities are not fungible

2/11/2026 at 12:42:36 PM

Communities are not fungible, but they are also not permanent.

Because humans are mobile, the community changes as people, institutions, infrastructure, and industries come and go over time.

Even if a substantial fraction of the population never leaves the geographic boundaries that contain the community they were born in, their web of relationships constantly changes as old neighbors leave and new neighbors arrive, the prevailing economy improves or worsens, and waves of technological revolution like the transition from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles washes over them.

Furthermore the community in which we live is only one of many communities we inhabit, such as school chums, work colleagues, church congregations and political movements, all of which are subject to the same phenomenon of perpetual change.

If every aspect of the community is impermanent, the community itself cannot be permanent, and I see no argument, let alone any technology other than encasing the community in lucite, capable of preserving it indefinitely.

by glroyal

2/11/2026 at 6:09:45 PM

Like many technical people, my personality naturally gravitates towards introverted behavior. I am very comfortable being alone for long periods of time, and in spending my day writing code or fixing bugs with just me and my computer.

But I also enjoy interacting with other people. It just takes the right 'community' to draw me out of my shell. There have been periods of my life when I was outgoing, because I was in the right environment (college, certain jobs, sports, etc.). Other periods allowed me to retreat into my own isolated world.

There just isn't a magic formula that produces the right kind of community that we want on demand.

by didgetmaster

2/11/2026 at 10:50:03 PM

A lot of introverts are best served by parallel proximal work and the only stratification should be around noise levels of the activity.

But frankly it's best for everyone, the isolated computer age has made in person get togethers have friction when they historically have had zero friction and were just things we did along the way.

This is part of why I love going to NYC, as long as you understand and respect the local rules it's an incredibly positive, effortless social area, so much pleasant casual interaction.

by fellowniusmonk

2/11/2026 at 5:21:22 PM

>Communities are not fungible, but they are also not permanent.

The same is true of individual humans. And yet, that is not a great argument for killing them.

by supern0va

2/11/2026 at 7:27:01 PM

He not implying impermanence is an effective primary argument for killing a community, as in "This community is impermanent, therefore we must destroy it" in a vacuum. Additionally, humans and communities occupy different ranks in a moral hierarchy. I'm not sure your point is coherent.

by ux266478

2/11/2026 at 4:56:29 PM

Nowhere in the article does it say that communities can't change. Communities are living, breathing organisms.

by jmcgough

2/11/2026 at 4:05:37 PM

An unchanging community is a dead community, period.

Attempts to "preserve" a community, both online and offline, tend to end up preserving unhealthy power dynamics within the community as well, which would have been slowly replaced with something else if you had just let the community evolve (or disappear) naturally.

Often, members of the community who benefit from the status quo are the ones who cry the loudest for such preservation.

by kijin

2/11/2026 at 4:08:30 PM

NIMBYs

by 01HNNWZ0MV43FF

2/11/2026 at 7:28:16 PM

I don't think NIMBYs have much of a community to begin with.

by ux266478

2/11/2026 at 11:55:57 PM

I suppose in many ways this is a deeper philosophical discussion. Your observations are correct, and as others posted, a healthy community is an ever changing one. Effectively it becomes the Community of Theseus. All its parts, the people, the technology, the geographic aspects can and maybe have changed. Is it still the same community and can it be referred to as such?

I think the authors point about history is a key element of this. If I can track how the community has evolved and changed, I can still identify that community in its current form as the sum of all its changes.

I’m not sure that holds true if an outside entity tries to dismantle and rebuild the existing community without the context of the history.

by snohobro

2/12/2026 at 7:49:52 AM

You don't have to preserve a community definitely, because you can't snapshot a state of a community.

Yes, a community is always evolving, but there's a lower level culture, the textile as Westenberg puts it. Even though some people leave, their mark on the textile remains, and newcomers are got affected by that.

This is the same substance which makes "company culture", but applied in a different context. The people coming in are partly shaped by that while bringing in their own. This is what triggers that evolution. Same is true for leaving people. They'll mix what they bring to the new community they join. Oftentimes is has an effect, rarely it doesn't. As you said there are also other variables that the community can't control.

The beauty arises from that mix. The connections maybe temporary, but the effects are small, yet permanent and profound. That's the sediment which collects at the bottom, builds the history and shared values step by step.

It's not the change we shall be trying to snapshot and keep alive, but the meta-organism which happens to be and evolves over time. Nobody is trying to stop that change, but prevent the killing of these meta-organisms which forms the basic building block of a society. Because these structures becomes stronger and resilient as they evolve, regardless of who comes and goes.

Seeing the same people on your neighborhood even though you don't even talk to them creates an invisible mortar and layer of trust and safety. This is one of the most important things in a community.

You need to preserve that fabric. Not the people, connections and "state" of that community. As an extreme example, you can find this fabric between people even in the most "dangerous" neighborhoods. Because they are dangerous for outsiders. Not for the people who're living in that. There's always an equilibrium and a layer of authenticity even under all that violence and nastiness.

by bayindirh

2/11/2026 at 11:49:15 PM

Community as described in article also isn’t the default. If you’re in a rural area and urban sprawl comes to you, it may bring with it establishing of this type of community but it also generates resentment from those that liked their rural setting and the lack of community.

Everything has to evolve to progress. We can’t just say protect community at all cost because it also means you must prevent expansion and improvement of the status quo of other quality of life metrics.

by conductr

2/12/2026 at 1:10:48 AM

You are not permanent either... your body cells regenerate and are replaced regularly. ship of theseus

I kind of wonder if ecosystems might be a better analogy. although ecosystems can change and adapt, they can also die.

by m463

2/11/2026 at 8:36:18 AM

I agree with Joan here, communities aren’t fungible. Building something where something already exists does carry a cost.

But I can also see how this will be used as one more arrow in the quiver of NIMBYs. In addition to environmental, economic, political reasons not to build something, also consider the cost to potentially breaking existing community bonds. We shouldn’t build new high density housing because the new residents will never be able to replicate the community of the previous low density single family home neighbourhood.

You can tell this is a NIMBY piece because it doesn’t touch on how to build new communities, just that existing ones exist and new ones can’t be built and even if they can they’ll be poor imitations of the old ones. So instead of trying to build new things, let’s preserve what we have already. It would have been more interesting and honest if it had explored the role of say, third spaces and how consciously creating the right conditions can lead to community formation.

After all, even the communities that exist today were empty land once upon a time, until we built the infrastructure and community within. If all we ever did was preserve we wouldn’t even have the communities today that we value so much.

by testdelacc1

2/11/2026 at 9:24:09 AM

It's not only the transition from low -> high that removes communities, there are multiple examples of public housing communities (of medium to high density) replaced by similar (or effectively low) density (as new expensive apartments) within Sydney.

by aragilar

2/11/2026 at 12:14:50 PM

I think, unlike what the author writes, communities CAN be moved if they are sufficiently small and loyal to the leaders who do the move, and the leaders don't screw it up. Moreover, the move is sometimes an improvement.

I've witnessed it myself. For example, Commander Keen fans moving from various InsideTheWeb forums to a centralized phpBB following the ITW shutdown announcement in the late 1990s. I can't think of anybody that got lost, and it was actually an improvement because the new discussion infrastructure was better than it had been before. The community didn't scatter to the winds, far from it; it consolidated and grew.

Of course, such a situation is probably rarer with the enshittification these days, but it would be worth it to figure out when it works, too.

And history is replete with stories of groups who became most successful AFTER a migration, or at least were not so negatively affected by one.

by Esn024

2/11/2026 at 1:29:19 PM

Digg to Reddit was a positive migration. I can think of many small Reddit communities that couldn’t have flourished under Digg or the old phpBB style boards.

Things can get better over time. When they don’t acknowledge this I can’t help but see the authors article as a dislike for any change of any kind.

by testdelacc1

2/11/2026 at 9:27:56 AM

If you are in America, that 'empty land' was not 'empty land'. It was Native land. Displacement of Native Americans was genocidal and destroyed communities and cultures.

Also, the article touches Moses, right, but it is about communities as a concept, with a heavy emphasis on online communities, where 'new things to buy' do not come at the expense of 'tearing down the old' - and where, when you tear down the old, behaviour patterns change. Take, for instance, the reddit re-design, which changed the page's culture. Or usage patterns of RSS post Google-Reader-shutdown.

by DocTomoe

2/11/2026 at 12:00:30 PM

You will be pleased to know that I’m not from America, nor have I ever lived there.

My point stands: there are a million excuses not to build more. And when we make that choice not to build, the costs are invisible but they definitely exist. But hypothetical benefits are not as easy to point to as the costs of building.

by testdelacc1

2/11/2026 at 9:08:15 AM

> But I can also see how this will be used as one more arrow in the quiver of NIMBYs.

How much are NIMBYs actually a problem these days? It seems to me that YIMBYs insisting on building anything, anything, anything at all, damn the cost, be it a privately developed five over one or a publicly funded ferris wheel downtown, are a much bigger issue now. We should be intentional about the communities we are developing (say, FUCKING PUBLIC HOUSING), and ideally not spoonfeeding capital more of our lifeblood as most YIMYs insist on

by FranklinJabar

2/11/2026 at 9:11:26 AM

I live in a city that consistently builds about 3-4% of the number of homes we need to build each year. We don’t build rail, we don’t electricity transmission infrastructure, all of which increases our cost of living.

NIMBYs are doing great, I’d say.

by testdelacc1

2/11/2026 at 9:22:42 AM

> NIMBYs are doing great, I’d say.

NIMBYs, or just typical anglo incompetence? How can you tell the difference? It's easy to blame other people for systemic dysfunction.

by FranklinJabar

2/11/2026 at 2:51:49 PM

This sort of construction failure is present everywhere where the public is allowed to make extensive inputs into what gets built. It is not just a US-specific reaction to urban engineering by Robert Moses.

We've let the pendulum swing too hard and instead of a dictatorship of technocrats, we have a dictatorship of vetocrats. A relatively small group of people, sometimes one single individual, can make new construction more complicated than lunar exploration, and there are indeed neighbourhoods whose permitting process took longer than the entire Apollo project.

I live in a house built on a former brownfield, 32 semi-detached houses in total. The whole project was delayed by four years by one dedicated octogenarian who didn't like the idea of new people in "his" neighbourhood and pulled out all stops he could (or even couldn't).

by inglor_cz

2/11/2026 at 9:29:37 AM

What do you consider to be anglo incompetence in dwelling construction that isn't NIMBYism?

by JuniperMesos

2/11/2026 at 9:42:18 AM

Owning land. Whoever came up with this idea needs to be hung and revived a million times, and then tortured to death a million more. Our society has been mutilated as a result.

I think you could ascribe this to either NIMBY or YIMBY harebrained thinking. We need a third option that's pro-human.

We need public fucking housing.

by FranklinJabar

2/11/2026 at 3:44:14 PM

Most of NIMBY legislature and processes that block private construction also block public construction. So most YIMBY arguments to improve the situation apply to both public and private constructions. (Not to mention that public construction has a plenty of problems specific to it.)

by zajio1am

2/11/2026 at 10:41:22 AM

There is no trade-off or contradiction between public housing and YIMBY deregulation to allow more private development. I want both. They are complementary.

There's also overlap between YIMBYs are Georgists, they share some skepticism around private land ownership.

by energy123

2/11/2026 at 12:15:56 PM

> There is no trade-off or contradiction between public housing and YIMBY deregulation

Sucking off developers removes all air from the room.

by FranklinJabar

2/11/2026 at 12:37:44 PM

This is a fictitious trade-off. Deregulation (of parking minimums, height limits) helps ensure public housing is affordable for the taxpayer and environmentally friendly. If it also helps private developers as a side effect, and that is no loss for public housing.

by energy123

2/11/2026 at 10:26:47 AM

You seem fairly keen on building public housing. Wouldn't that qualify you as a YIMBY? The YIMBYs are the lobby that tends to be pro-new-buildings.

If you want to build public housing, only the NIMBYs would really oppose the idea.

by roenxi

2/11/2026 at 12:17:39 PM

> Wouldn't that qualify you as a YIMBY?

YIMBY is the pro-private-development lobby, as best I can tell. PHIMBY is the term I've seen.

> If you want to build public housing, only the NIMBYs would really oppose the idea.

I suspect most who go by YIMBY would also oppose this.

by FranklinJabar

2/11/2026 at 9:16:25 PM

> I suspect most who go by YIMBY would also oppose this.

Well I'm not sure what you're proposing but if it can be characterised as "mass public housing" it sounds like a terrible idea on the face of it, and most people would probably oppose it on that ground. But the YIMBYs would have to agree that you're allowed to try it if you want, otherwise they'd be NIMBYs, on the basis that they are telling other people they can't build on their land.

by roenxi

2/11/2026 at 12:36:52 PM

We get it, you're a commie. No need to constantly repeat that you want public versions of everything that already exists.

by Nasrudith

2/11/2026 at 8:34:08 PM

[dead]

by s5300

2/11/2026 at 10:29:48 AM

You can tell the difference by observing that, intra-city (not inter-city, inter-state, or inter-country, which introduces confounds), the suburban locations with the highest land values build the least. Enclaves like where Marc Andreessen lives, where his family unit has been involved in successful NIMBY activism. That is an outcome that can only be explained by asymmetric government interference due to more effective lobbying from politically active NIMBYs.

by energy123

2/11/2026 at 9:18:40 AM

That would imply that 96-97% of population growth in your city immediately becomes homeless. Obviously, that is not the case.

by DocTomoe

2/11/2026 at 8:12:05 PM

I've seen people live with their parents till 40 while waiting for a tiny room that will cost 2 or 3 times what their parents pay for their large villa with large garden.

Its quite simple to me. We the grown ups (together) are to facilitate housing for the kids. If we can't do that anymore we should ask ourselves why we don't want to do that anymore?

Quite interesting is how the (now proverbial) 40 year old isn't really attacking the problem.

I won't be around but I'm curious how their kids in turn will share the tiny room till 40.

by econ

2/11/2026 at 11:57:26 AM

No it doesn't. The number would be the percentage of additional housing needed. Existing housing doesn't suddenly disappear each year.

by ziml77

2/11/2026 at 11:03:23 AM

[dead]

by gzread

2/11/2026 at 3:39:15 PM

Market housing will be expensive until you allow developers to build as much housing as the market demands.

Non-market housing will have extremely long wait times if there is not as much of it as the market demands.

And the NIMBYs and left-NIMBYs are still winning.

Relevant substack article (Towers Don't Cause the Housing Crisis):

https://open.substack.com/pub/shonczinner/p/towers-dont-caus...

by kjshsh123

2/11/2026 at 6:02:55 PM

Two things this reminds me of.

I was once part of a "traveling" community that would sign up for every new platform. A good few tech bloggers among us. We would meet again and again but the community still failed long term despite everyone artificially trying to make it work. I got one good friend out of it, whom I never talk to.

I one time tried to root in a new city, I talk with everyone, buy cups of coffee for reluctant strangers, had a ton of fun and a ton of laughs but nothing permanent grew. I made two good friends whom I never talk to.

In my home town I must have 1000 people I almost never talk to. Adds up to a lot of talk. Familiar faces everywhere.

by econ

2/11/2026 at 11:54:00 PM

It sounds to me like you should contact your good friends more often.

by a123b456c

2/11/2026 at 12:03:09 PM

When thinking about online communities I think the lack of "global" identities has dramatically hampered community migration and evolution. I fully agree with the author that you can't just pick up and move a community wholesale but irl we do see patterns of migration, disaporas, etc that bring along with them relationships and trust networks. That's been basically impossible to do online. The networks where most of us hang out are even straightforwardly antagonistic towards people leaving and maintaining their identities and relationships in anyway.

I don't quite know how to articulate it but I really feel the social fabric of the internet has been limited hugely by this, and it's hard to seperate what is fundamental about community migration with what's an outcome of this limited circumstance.

by jpereira

2/11/2026 at 1:24:30 PM

> I think the lack of "global" identities has dramatically hampered community migration and evolution.

Do you know what that sounds like? The "feature" that lets some credit card subscriptions follow you across credit cards although you'd like to get rid of them thank you very much.

I don't want a global identity for all communities I'm part of. Joe from the bait and tackle group (i don't fish, is that a plausible fishing group name?) has no business knowing what games I play unless I personally tell him.

Moreover, that nice store that gave the bait and tackle group a 10% discount has ABSOLUTELY NO BUSINESS chasing me in MMO #245768.

by nottorp

2/11/2026 at 3:09:56 PM

I can’t disagree with this more. Even on discord I have four accounts for different contexts. One, my real name. Another, my gaming name. Another, my music/stage name. Another still, a different gaming name. Why? Because I don’t want people in any of those contexts knowing anything about who I am in the other contexts. This is a feature, not a bug.

by Carrok

2/11/2026 at 6:45:16 PM

Agreed. I find it ironic that online communities thrived on the detachment between the virtual persona that posts are associated to and the real persona that is writing the posts, but for one reason or another some people insist in connecting both.

It's a "need to know" basis, and I don't need to know your face, I don't need to know your gender, your age, where you are from, what job you have, I don't need to know your political affiliation, your religion, your other hobbies, what movies you watched, games you played, books you read, whom you follow, what communities you have joined. I don't need to know anything more than what the words in the post say.

When you "need" to know what is real you end up with social media like "BeReal" which is just an enormous privacy nightmare (requiring you to take photos at random times) just to make sure that people aren't editing photos or showing only the good aspects of their lives to the internet. Since when has "posting on the internet" become synonymous with a panopticon?

by AlienRobot

2/12/2026 at 12:00:38 AM

How do you do this in the modern era where websites demand a unique phone number for each account? I couldn't even set up one Discord account due to the phone number requirement, which at the time wouldn't accept numbers in the country I was living.

by alisonatwork

2/11/2026 at 10:21:40 PM

Having global identities that move with you between networks doesn't mean that your identities need to be singular nor openly tied to your government identity.

by Tistron

2/11/2026 at 7:43:10 PM

same here, i keep my game and tech groups on different accounts. that's one thing that keeps me from joining facebook. it doesn't allow pseudonymous identities.

by em-bee

2/11/2026 at 7:25:08 PM

I guess I got my language wrong here. Maybe what I'm talking about is about portability more than global vs local. Identities should exist at a layer higher than any given social context, and should be "materialized" into that context with local information. It's not about using the same identity everywhere, it's about being able to take the identity where you want to. Similarly it's not about the same information being available everywhere, but information being relative to durable identities, not ephemeral ones.

by jpereira

2/11/2026 at 3:49:18 PM

I don't think so. If you want to bring your identity re-use your alias, or oauth ID, otherwise enjoy the benefits of privacy.

by esafak

2/11/2026 at 7:38:50 PM

Best quote: "When Alice doesn't need "a neighbour" but needs that neighbour, the one who watched her kids that time, the one who knows she's allergic to peanuts. The relationship is specific, and specificity is the enemy of fungibility."

The memory of what the community was or had eventually vanishes. Jane Jacobs (referenced in the article) was the reason that I learned that the sidewalks in NYC's West Village weren't always so narrow. They were made narrow to accommodate more cars, which in some ways don't help geographic community strength.

by paulorlando

2/11/2026 at 9:46:21 AM

Communities also evolve and devolve with time even without large external event. Maybe you don't feel the same belonging in the friend group after ten years or community grows to become something it wasn't in the beginning.

Maybe you have to accept that communities are here and now, but they can dissolve at any time.

by metalrain

2/11/2026 at 10:25:02 AM

Impermanence: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermanence

by energy123

2/11/2026 at 10:52:15 PM

This is basically what I think of as the "fundamental problem of conservation ecology", ie. that 'conserving' an ecosystem inherently changes it. The pre-human state definitionally could never be recreated (or maintained) by human hands, it will always reflect the contributions of its human stewards. So if conservation is fundamentally impossible, what's the real goal of conservation ecology? Is it doomed to simply create "theme parks"? Or can we be said to meaningfully preserve something (even if it's a changed or debased form of the original). Conservation ecology is what happens when these stupid philosophical musings bump into actual engineers willing to try to do it.

Human communities (even digital ones) ultimately have the character of an ecological system IMO (albeit in a more allegorical sense). What the author calls fungibility I might call conservation; weird Twitter accounts "migrating" to Bluesky is sort of like pandas surviving primarily in zoos. Some element of the original system is kept, but ultimately the "conservation" is more like "recreation" or "homage" rather than truly freezing the system in amber. Does that mean that it's futile to try? Or is there some sense in which we can have meaningful translation of the relationship web from one medium to the next? Maybe we don't even care about maintaining the system; if it's just the biodiversity we prize then maybe pandas in zoos forever is enough.

I don't think this is adding anything new to what the author is saying per se, but I find the parallels interesting to muse about.

by tech_ken

2/12/2026 at 12:06:33 AM

Adding an additional thought to this. Is it conservation if you’re just trying to recreate what once was? I think your thoughts parallel what the author was saying. You can’t just recreate a community (or any ecosystem) as it once was, it will be different. I would argue conservation should be trying to prevent the unnatural end to a community/ecosystem.

Despite humans being a natural part of our planet, and thus an end to an ecosystem could be considered natural in some way, we are unique in our ability to challenge and question our natural ways. Maybe we should be exempting ourselves from the natural order of things and working to allow the natural course of an ecosystem to die out on its own. Then we have the ability to inhabit and change without having destroyed in the process.

Idk, additional things to muse on.

by snohobro

2/11/2026 at 3:34:16 PM

After reading this I wonder if ifMud has survived 29 years because we use a modified perlMud that has an IRC-like channel communication system.

We’re not beholden to any commercial service and the mud is self-hosted by the community (generally the IFTF - IF Technology Foundation).

No one could disrupt our community the way Discord or Reddit might.

by ChicagoDave

2/11/2026 at 3:51:35 PM

First time hearing about ifMud despite being someone who spent a lot of time on MUDs and MUSHs in the past, hacking on various ones. Seems like a neat community and would love to hear more about it.

by piffey

2/11/2026 at 6:27:06 PM

Head on over to http://ifmud.port4000.com/.

Create a user, login, find the Adventurer's Lounge and hang out. We don't actually build or play in the mud anymore. We use the channel system to talk about "stuff and things" and really not a ton about IF anymore. A lot of politics these days.

The most recent discussions were on:

#sci/med/health/health #alt/conspiracy #misc/politics/gayrights #alt/animals/chickens #misc/cars #misc/AI #tech/.../programming

by ChicagoDave

2/11/2026 at 9:43:20 PM

many muds have/had those. there is intermud too. i guess ifmud just had the critical mass to keep people interested in communicating even though they stopped playing.

by em-bee

2/11/2026 at 10:27:31 PM

Chatting in the "Lounge" was always the starting point. The mud-building was what a few people did for kicks. ifMUD never had any systemic game play. The IF community has always had a strong core of people that interact daily. Some are on intfiction.org, some are elsewhere.

by ChicagoDave

2/11/2026 at 3:13:42 PM

When we think about communities we need an effective model of what they are and how they operate.

What then is an effective model for a community? In "Twitter And Teargas", Zeynep Tufecki argued that the community afforded by Twitter was unable to effect long term, substantial change and therefore Arab Spring is now a footnote. Twitter affords flash mobs.

That concept - affordance - provides a hint for a model of communities. The obvious question to a hacker is "what kind of social system would afford long term substantial change?".

Another insight is that the afforded mechanisms determine the community. This is really a restatement of the Sapir-Whorf hyptothesis. From "your language determines what you can think" to "your social mechanisms determine your community". Roughly.

Another insight (corollary?) for Sapir-Whorf is that your language prevents you from thinking some things. So one could try to understand what "following" as a social mechanism prevents prevents?

Out of this kind of analysis emerges a different take on communities all together. For the hacker in us, John Holland's "Hidden Order" provides a generalized model that can be used to at least create a pseudo model for creating a simulation of the community mechanism.

Although John Holland talks about Complex Adaptive Systems, I personally find "Gestalt" a less cumbersome and effective term. A gestalt is something greater than the sum of it's parts and that can only be true(ish) when the parts interact. So entities + rules + message bus => Gestalt. For ants this is {ants + ant behavior + pheromone trails } => ant colonies. One could conjecture that for humans this could be {people + behavior + money } => economies. Or more cynically => corporations.

The complexity and emergent behavior of the {rules + message/bus part} part is probably best revealed by Wolfram's "A New Kind of Science".

This is an incredibly important talking for our time. What is the most effective way to get rid of ants? To destroy their ability to use a pheromone trail. Perhaps we could just put advertising in it?

[edit: forgot the Wolfram reference. Apologies to SW for missing this wonderful work.]

by talkingtab

2/11/2026 at 5:19:14 PM

> Another insight (corollary?) for Sapir-Whorf is that your language prevents you from thinking some things

Last time I looked, Sapir-Whorf is almost universally discredited among linguists and cognitive scientists.

The wikipedia summary:

"The hypothesis is in dispute, with many different variations throughout its history. The strong hypothesis of linguistic relativity, now referred to as linguistic determinism, is that language determines thought and that linguistic categories limit and restrict cognitive categories. This was a claim by some earlier linguists pre-World War II since then it has fallen out of acceptance by contemporary linguists. Nevertheless, research has produced positive empirical evidence supporting a weaker version of linguistic relativity that a language's structures influence a speaker's perceptions, without strictly limiting or obstructing them. "

by PaulDavisThe1st

2/11/2026 at 5:33:37 PM

It does not matter if a hypothesis is discredited if it helps you build an effective model that works. If you use a discredited hypothesis to make bread and make a great tasting and edible bread, then the hypothesis has value. Even if it is "wrong". Because it works.

Here are some question for you: can you think of any things you cannot think of in your language? Hints. Beethoven, Van Gogh, 7. Can a democracy evolve from FaceBook? What kind of political system can evolve from FaceBook? Is there a language for Democracies? The important thing is not the answer, but the thinking.

by talkingtab

2/11/2026 at 6:03:09 PM

No, it doesn't work. Humans (at least) are very powerful metaphor users, and it is typically possible to discuss things for which there is no direct language in terms of metaphors (and analogies). We do this all the time, and it pretty much removes all bounds on what we can talk (and think) about with language.

Lots of poetry makes no sense if you consider it to be a series of words to be literally interpreted according to a grammar rules and a dictionary. But it can often hint at meanings and ideas that can't be expressed directly.

Of course, there are some things that always remain that are harder to get rid of. That's not "lack of language preventing you from thinking things", but rather "assumptions so deeply built into language that it is hard, though perhaps not impossible, to escape them".

by PaulDavisThe1st

2/11/2026 at 6:05:55 PM

Look, I thought the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was great when I learned about it, too. I love the movie Arrival (and the Ted Chiang story it's based on). But if you aren't a social scientist, it can be very appealing (and self-defeating) to latch onto a specific concept you heard about and try to create some grand theory of the world. This is fine, but it's sophistry, not deep thinking.

by throw4847285

2/11/2026 at 4:11:24 PM

Twitter is organized around tags, which are all right, I suppose. It's greatest weakness that it is rooted in short messages -- sound bites -- which are not conducive to reasoned debate. Though they removed that technical limitation, the culture was solidified at that point.

by esafak

2/11/2026 at 4:16:13 PM

> What is the most effective way to get rid of ants? To destroy their ability to use a pheromone trail. Perhaps we could just put advertising in it?

I'm taking this analogy for myself :)

> what kind of social system would afford long term substantial change?

In my experience over the last year, these things are true...

First, in-person interaction is strictly better than digital. You can meet lots of people digitally and talk to them in bed, but _interacting_ with a given person face-to-face means you can do any digital interaction, plus have very high-bandwidth communication, and also share papers. (I love paper. It's not obsolete if you know what a Pareto frontier is.) This is something that many people understand intuitively but it took me a while to quantify it.

Second, digital (text) communication affords bickering. In the best case, if I'm DMing a friend and we disagree about some political point, it will make the conversation awkward. If I'm in a big group chat, it can drag people into a dogpile. It's an emotional drain and nobody really likes it. And it doesn't happen nearly as much in person. Even with the exact same people. Even I am nicer and more patient in person. And being able to physically leave and see someone later is a nice option that digital spaces (even Signal) don't afford. They only understand permanent blocks and not just "Tell me your dumb take another time."

Third, you can just say "I'm trying to build community and make friends, can I introduce you to some people you might like?" and in the right context and framing, it can sort of work. I am still learning this skill.

Fourth, and I almost forgot - A _huge_ amount of nonverbal communication comes down to trust and respect, especially respecting other people's time. Did you call a 50-person meeting where 1 person is yammering about some bikeshed bullshit? Everyone hates that. Are you talking to someone one-on-one but they still won't give you a turn or ask you anything about yourself? They might be a good person but they're gonna be hard to get along with if they keep that up. Did you send someone a blog post that takes 5 minutes to read? And they didn't ask for it? They aren't gonna read it. I wouldn't read it. You would have more luck reading it out loud to them in person because it shows that you are both respecting each other's time. Otherwise you are assigning homework and asking their attention without paying your attention to them. I can't name a person who likes that.

by 01HNNWZ0MV43FF

2/11/2026 at 5:39:58 PM

The point about trust and respect is a good insight. Especially in the context of our current internet. A friend once said to me "trust is the one thing you can't get on then internet". So how would one bring that trust to the internet?

And the insight about meetings brought back memories of some horrendous meetings. At software companies. OMG. But very funny very long after the fact. Good points all. Trust, respect, reputation.

by talkingtab

2/11/2026 at 11:17:48 AM

Fantastic writing. The stone walls and fabric metaphor was brilliant. It's the sort of storytelling that made Steve Jobs' ideas so compelling (to me).

I see the same value in community, especially as an immigrant helping other immigrants. Someone arriving in a new country is much more likely to be happy and successful if they quickly find a community there. Communities hold so much knowledge that is freely shared but rarely written down. Think immigrants helping each other navigate the unwritten immigration office policies and surfacing knowledge that is invisible to locals, let alone LLMs.

I've been thinking about building an intentional community for years, mostly to surface that knowledge. Currently it's all happening in private groups on a dying Meta property. Previously it happened on a forum that unceremoniously went dark.

But I am afraid that all of this will be in vain, and that the age of small forums is long gone.

by nicbou

2/11/2026 at 12:48:19 PM

[flagged]

by 38jj999

2/11/2026 at 2:36:09 PM

Communities fragment as they migrate, online and especially offline.

ToyTown Germany died, and overnight both the community and its decades-old body of knowledge vanished. An identical forum was created a few weeks latwr, and it's still pretty much dead, many years later.

All those communities who tried to move away from reddit due to the API debacle? None really survived the transition. Moving away from a platform means losing all the passive traffic from that platform, and losing many more users to the friction of creating a new account. All the information stays on the older platform too. All that friction adds up.

I mean it wouldn't hurt to give something a bit of thought and consideration before calling it hot bullshit. Since you created an account just to post this, you might want to familiarize yourself with the HN commenting guidelines. They keep things civil and pleasant.

by nicbou

2/11/2026 at 6:05:21 PM

Classic slam dunk on economists, except I think it's a bit of a miss. They're a classic scapegoat and punching bag but there's tons of economics research on community.

Saying economics doesn’t model community is a bit like saying physics doesn’t model color because some models ignore wavelength variation. It depends which models you’re looking at and what their purpose is. There is substantial economic research on: Social capital (e.g., Putnam, though he’s political science adjacent; economists like Glaeser formalize it) Network effects and network structure Repeated games and reputation Religious participation and club goods (Iannaccone’s work is central here) Identity economics (Akerlof & Kranton) Trust and informal institutions Household bargaining models Matching theory, where who you match with specifically matters

I think the fact that communities are not fungible is frankly obvious. Fact is communities do die, and sometimes there are long run benefits to consider.

The challenge is actually nurturing and valuing community which this post doesn't actually grapple with.

E.g. the problem with Robert Moses wasn't just development. It was the style of development which was inherently anti-community. Nurturing a community requires common space where people bump into each other harmlessly. Highways dividing neighbourhoods, for people in their private cars to get to neighbourhoods with no commercial life and large setbacks between homes.

It's not that Robert Moses didn't realize community isn't fungible. It's either that he didn't realize how bad it would be for community or that he just didn't value community in the first place.

by kjshsh123

2/12/2026 at 4:55:03 PM

Inventing implicit promises and then wondering whether they're broken by mistake or on purpose is not a good way to understand people. When people move, it's not because they want the exact same community they had before. People move from twitter to bluesky because they want a different community. People take vouchers for market rate housing because they want their kids to grow up in a different community.

by amadeuspagel

2/11/2026 at 3:09:51 PM

Absolutely agree with the points put forward by the author. The online "communities" in their natural existence seem more fragmented as people in it cannot find a strong commonground for them to stick for a long time. (Generally talking about the numerous forums and communities that have gone dead in the past decade)

by yugant10

2/11/2026 at 6:32:24 PM

That's what capitalism does – it isolates individuals and destroys communities. No wonder why so many people are befriending AIs and there's a "loneliness epidemic" going around.

When it comes to physical communities (e.g. neighborhoods), I think about some neighborhoods in São Paulo that are being destroyed by buildings and construction sites everywhere [1]. So many neighborhoods full of stories and friendships and people who took care of each other, now becoming part of this massive verticalization, speculation and isolation. Neighbors have to leave due to construction companies' harassment. The ones that decide to stay have to live without their friends around, in neighborhoods that grow more dangerous, with worse traffic, with less small businesses and without knowing who are their new neighbors (which aren't even long term living). Their houses look exactly like Carl Fredricksen's house from Pixar's Up.

When it comes to digital communities, I can only be reminded of how Orkut and MSN defined lots of adolescences in Latin America. Orkut literally had the concept of communities, where people gathered around similar interests (just as the early web's forums). I made a lot of friends in Orkut and MSN Messenger, some of them are still my friends after more than a decade. Facebook tried to recreate the idea of communities (with their groups), but Facebook is pretty much dead for younger people. And Instagram is just so isolating. It has a whole lot of standardized and algorithmically curated content that alienates you from other human beings.

I believe the reason why Orkut (owned by Google) was killed was that they wanted more users, maybe to compete with Facebook. But Orkut was too localized, it basically talked to Brazil and some other countries in Latin America, and India, where it was created. After killing Orkut, Google invested a lot on Google+ (do you remember that fiasco??).

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCIQoN0fUE0

by moon2

2/11/2026 at 7:31:07 PM

As there are no references to "Seeing like a state" by James C. Scott, let me recommend it. A great read that explains how hard is to create a city from scratch, how illegible community value is and how big organizations cannot see forest for the trees when using KPIs.

by ArcHound

2/11/2026 at 10:36:25 AM

This the strongest argument against building a community on top of proprietary services, especially if's a startup / VC money is involved. It's guaranteed to enshittify / sell out to a big company, and your community will crumble.

That being said, I am guilty of helping building Zig communities on Discord, but in my defense none (literally none) of the FOSS alternatives was good enough at the time. And I'm also not really happy with plenty of the newer ones.

I'm now working on my own take of what an open source Discord alternative should look like and I plan to move away from Discord by the end of the year. You can find it on codeberg, it's called awebo, I'm intentionally not posting a link since these are super early days.

by kristoff_it

2/11/2026 at 11:21:19 AM

On the other hand, these platforms are free and much easier to work with, especially for non-technical administrators.

As of today, there just doesn't seem to be any good simple forum software. They all seem to need quite a bit of upkeep.

by nicbou

2/11/2026 at 11:35:14 AM

Gratis in terms of dollars, but not free. You pay by letting them take your community hostage.

by Meneth

2/11/2026 at 6:47:47 PM

> Gratis in terms of dollars, but not free.

That is what "free" means.

by bigstrat2003

2/11/2026 at 7:40:03 PM

"Free" in English has more than one meaning. this has led to an attempt to be more clear by using 'libre' or 'gratis' loanwords to differentiate (see libreoffice, liberachat), but this isn't universally accepted.

by schlauerfox

2/11/2026 at 11:52:20 AM

Campfire by 37Signals [0] might be interesting to you. This can also serve as a foundation to add your own features on top of.

[0] https://once.com/campfire

by chrisvalleybay

2/11/2026 at 11:16:02 AM

I'm guessing you looked at matrix and decided it wasn't suitable?

by nsvd2

2/11/2026 at 9:35:32 PM

The companies don't care about communities, or humans really. They want to make money.

If some social media website has no community, and has only negative effects for its users, but makes money, that is a positive outcome for its owners.

It's a net negative for society perhaps, but the owners don't have to care about that part.

by nitwit005

2/11/2026 at 8:16:23 AM

This is why open source for communication platforms is so important.

Discord WILL disappear at some point and millions of people will lose their communities.

by ajuc

2/11/2026 at 1:32:40 PM

Online communities are far more transient and far less effective than ones rooted in geography. I'm not saying that they don't provide value or aren't worthwhile.

Online communities can rebuild quickly are more resilient in a sense e.g. Digg to Reddit migration.

by s_dev

2/11/2026 at 12:42:51 PM

Discord's just a platform. When Discord will disappear, I don't think it would happen overnight and the communities would have time to decide where to relocate, hopefully for an open-source self-hosted solutions, but more likely for the next hot thing in instant communication. And it's not as if communities don't move from platform to platform already: like wasn't there a big wave of people moving from Digg to Reddit a while back?

by baud147258

2/11/2026 at 10:09:06 AM

for discord emigres, teamspeak still exists, and for social media all you need is an old school forum that hosts videos and voila

by squeefers

2/11/2026 at 10:16:42 AM

The author of the article claims that a mere migration to a new platform does not solve the problem. It just fragments the community. I agree with that. For one or another reason not all people will migrate.

by ckardaris

2/12/2026 at 10:56:20 AM

stay on discord then i suppose? if you dont like discord, staying on it is surely not an option though i assumed?

by squeefers

2/13/2026 at 8:25:19 AM

I am not on discord, so I don't have skin in the game. But it depends on the community I guess. If everyone stayed on discord then there would be no change. But any kind of change would probably have some kind of effect, even if all people migrated to a new platform.

I can try to think of a simple scenario. For whatever reason, a user may not be as active in the new platform as they were on discord. This could alter the community dynamics. On a bigger scale this could have visible effects in the actual community.

To be clear, I am not advocating in favor of staying on discord. I just find the concept of community building interesting.

by ckardaris

2/11/2026 at 8:04:29 AM

It’d be helpful to cite which kind of economists / intellectuals make such claims. There are different incompatible schools.

by ttoinou

2/12/2026 at 6:41:46 AM

Anyone else find this site unreadable due to the flashing cursor in the header image?

by Knucklebones

2/12/2026 at 12:22:56 AM

Really good read (and thanks for the mention of the book "The Dispossessed" that I just now bought on libro.fm). The article covers a general theme that those who cause harm should be responsible.

There are so many people on the web who I probably won't meet but I feel close to because of years of interactions - the most valuable kind of community, and available once you discover a few hundred or more contacts.

Nothing particularly wrong with platforms as long as there are always 'plan B' replacements, and of course not too much value is placed anywhere out of our direct control.

by mark_l_watson

2/11/2026 at 9:58:47 PM

And neither are people. And beware of anything that treats them like they are.

by an-allen

2/11/2026 at 4:52:57 PM

Is the blinking on that page driving anyone else nuts?

by pavel_lishin

2/12/2026 at 4:10:46 PM

I had to put a window above the page on top of that blinking cursor in the header so I could read the text. It was extremely annoying, to put it mildly.

Then I saw the footer, with other blinking cursor and a scrolling line thrown in for good measure. Awful design.

by sombragris

2/12/2026 at 8:00:35 PM

Yeah, instantly switched to reader mode.

by kennethallen

2/11/2026 at 11:36:07 PM

[dead]

by reeddev42

2/11/2026 at 12:29:43 PM

[dead]

by MarginalGainz

2/11/2026 at 9:49:13 AM

[flagged]

by Asooka

2/11/2026 at 10:21:17 AM

I don't think the article proposes that a community should not accept new members. On the contrary, it critiques the breaking of communities.

Migrants or refugees have to find a new community because their old one was broken for whatever reason, be it war, financial troubles or something else. So in that case, that first breakage of community should have been prevented and the community preserved.

by ckardaris

2/11/2026 at 11:39:00 AM

If anything it's well known that migrants tend to build communities as well as high-skills "expats".

by goodpoint

2/11/2026 at 1:14:38 PM

This is a completely different topic though. And not relevant to point being discussed. Analyzing the effectiveness of community building by different groups is a separate issue.

by ckardaris

2/11/2026 at 11:27:07 AM

You might want to look at the HN commenting guidelines. Namely you should avoid such uncharitable interpretations and show a bit more curiosity.

by nicbou

2/11/2026 at 3:12:57 PM

Maybe, just maybe, there's some inkling of truth behind what your political enemies are saying, and you can carefully acknowledge said inklings and even gasp integrate them into your own worldview, if relevant?

Nah, they're probably all just evil and/or stupid for no reason at all. That makes a lot more sense.

by mikemarsh

2/11/2026 at 11:24:25 AM

[flagged]

by 9875325996435

2/11/2026 at 9:00:57 AM

Sure all the people who somehow find themselves unable to find community, are neurotic as fuck, and who are lonely have some sort of theory for how community is formed. This is definitely a case of "those who can, do; those who can't, teach". This entire field is full of immeasurable guru-bullshit without anything of any value in it. It's just pseudo-science dressed up in the language of science with some pithy lines of how "there's more to it than numbers" and garbage like that. It's just made up bullshit from people who really shouldn't have received a college degree.

Out with this garbage. Defund the bullies.

by renewiltord

2/11/2026 at 3:10:06 PM

> This entire field is full of immeasurable guru-bullshit without anything of any value in it.

I’m here for the project blogs, and news but yeah I’m tired of the best-practice evangelists.

by wasmainiac

2/11/2026 at 2:23:40 PM

Communities aren't fungible (in the sense that the actual particular culture and values of a particular group of people living in a particular area do have an extreme impact on that area) but also communities are not defined by particular areas that people live.

People who are from the same community tend to settle in particular areas and I think that is what the author is getting confused by.

Also many people in the developed world don't really have any community that they're a part of at all.

If you're interested in learning more about this you can look up the phrase "covenantal vs majestic community".

by monideas