alt.hn

3/26/2025 at 8:57:59 PM

Waymos crash less than human drivers

https://www.understandingai.org/p/human-drivers-keep-crashing-into

by rbanffy

3/26/2025 at 9:37:42 PM

Serious crash rates are a hockey stick pattern. 20% of the drivers cause 80% of the crashes, to a rough approximation. For the worst 20% of drivers, the Waymo is almost certainly better already.

Honestly, at this point I am more interested in whether they can operate their service profitably and affordably, because they are clearly nailing the technical side.

For example data from a 100 driver study, see table 2.11, p. 29. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/37370 Roughly the same number of drivers had 0 or 1 near-crashes as had 13-50+. One of the drivers had 56 near crashes and 4 actual crashes in less than 20K miles! So the average isn't that helpful here.

by wnissen

3/27/2025 at 3:40:23 AM

Hmmm, perhaps a more-valuable representation would be how the average Waymo vehicle would place as a percentile ranking among human drivers, in accidents-per-mile.

Ex: "X% of humans do better than Waymo does in accidents per mile."

That would give us an intuition for what portion of humans ought to let the machine do the work.

P.S.: On the flip-side, it would not tell us how often those people drove. For example, if the Y% of worse-drivers happen to be people who barely ever drive in the first place, then helping automate that away wouldn't be as valuable. In contrast, if they were the ones who did the most driving...

by Terr_

3/27/2025 at 4:32:26 AM

the nature of the accidents also makes a difference tho.

A small fender bender is common in human drivers. A catastrophic crash (like t-boning into a bus) is rare (it'd make the news for example).

Autodriving, on the other hand, almost never makes fender benders. But they do t-bone into busses in rare occasions - which also makes the news.

by chii

3/27/2025 at 4:52:56 AM

If only it were easier to get the stats in the form of "damage in property/lives in the form of dollars per mile driven", that would let us kinda-combine both big tragic events with fender-benders.

(Yeah, I know it means putting an actuarial cost on a human life, but statistics means mathing things up.)

by Terr_

3/27/2025 at 8:19:40 AM

It is easy, if you run an insurance company. Knowing that data is literally how they price auto insurance policies.

Sadly for the rest of us, it's not exactly easy to get that data from the insurance company.

by zdragnar

3/27/2025 at 11:37:02 AM

Putting aside Waymo specifically for a second (whom I believe is the leader in the space, but also self operates their own custom cars).

If the current state of commercially available ADAS was dramatically reducing accident rates, then Teslas etc would have lower insurance rates. And yet they instead have higher insurance rates.

by steveBK123

3/27/2025 at 11:46:01 AM

Is Tesla’s higher insurance rate not related to them being more common targets of vandalism?

by iamacyborg

3/27/2025 at 12:33:41 PM

AFAIK, it's due to things like single frame construction and expensive + backlogged parts which you order directly from Tesla (as opposed to, eg, a drivetrain that may be made for 3 separate manufacturers).

Or, when you do have an accident it's typically more expensive to repair.

by tonyhb

3/27/2025 at 11:51:50 AM

That is entirely new issue and insurance does not respond this quickly.

Tesla's have had higher insurance for 5+ years. Some of which is due to wait times on repairs, costs of repairs, and also accident rates.

by steveBK123

3/27/2025 at 8:19:12 PM

No, Teslas are hard to repair. The insurance rates were always higher than similar ICE vehicles. Any extra problems are marginal.

by aussiegreenie

3/27/2025 at 9:01:08 AM

I think my car insurance policy actually does detail what they believe every part of your body + your life to be worth, it might be my old policy though. From memory an arm was £2,000

[Edit]: found the policy: death: £2,500 arm or leg: £2,000 blindness in one or both eyes: £2,000

by Eavolution

3/27/2025 at 9:38:59 AM

Wow. Is that a typo for death? Not only do they not value human life much at all, losing multiple limbs is more than dying?

by elromulous

3/27/2025 at 11:11:20 AM

Death is cheaper in our legal system than taking care of some one disabled for many years.

by looofooo0

3/27/2025 at 11:28:40 AM

China too, that's why you get... those videos.

by throwaway48476

3/27/2025 at 10:40:46 AM

It costs more than dying.

by Fricken

3/27/2025 at 10:15:14 AM

I mean, I'd probably rather be dead than lose multiple limbs.

by LandR

3/27/2025 at 12:06:49 PM

As my father quipped to me when I was younger: 'You know the best thing about a three-legged dog? It's not sad about the limb it's missing: it's happy for the three it still has.'

by ethbr1

3/27/2025 at 10:02:59 AM

If the data made their rates look like a fair deal they'd be plastering it on billboards.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 11:08:07 AM

Their competitors would also know, and specifically know which category to compete in to do the most damage.

by chii

3/27/2025 at 1:49:24 PM

I don't think that's possible. I don't think this is a "cooperate greed, nobody wants to end the gravy train by starting a price war" situation. I think it's a "the myriad of stuff you have to do to run a compliant company sets the price floor" situation. The fact that there is no nuclear "well I guess I just can't afford insurance, if I lose my house so be it" option available to customers prevents it all from caving in.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 7:09:54 AM

Perhaps the best way to address this would be to look at property damage for car-car or cat-object collisions, and a separate stat for car-pedestrian accidents.

In collisions that don't involve pedestrians, the damage to the car/object is generally proportional to the chance that someone was badly injured or killed in those cases - the only thing you get by adding human life costs is to take into account the quality of the safety features of the cars being driven, which should be irrelevant for nay comparison with automated driving. In collisions that do involve pedestrians, this breaks down, since you can easily kill someone with almost 0 damage to the car.

So having these two stats per mile driven to compare would probably give you the best chance of a less biased comparison.

by tsimionescu

3/27/2025 at 6:29:37 AM

You could just keep life and money separate, it's technically possible for the ratios to be different.

by Panzer04

3/27/2025 at 3:50:02 PM

It may be more fair to compare them to Uber drivers and taxis and at least on that comparison haven't ridden in thousands of Uber and taxis and a couple dozen waymos, it is better than 100%.

Anecdotal of course but within my circle people are becoming Waymo first over other options almost entirely because of the better experience and perceived better driving. And parents in my circle also trust that a waymo won't mow them down in a crosswalk. Which is more than you can say for many drivers in SF.

by asielen

3/27/2025 at 5:24:22 AM

With a distribution like this, percentile would be misleading, though

by seizethecheese

3/27/2025 at 9:58:37 AM

How?

by david-gpu

3/27/2025 at 10:22:51 AM

isnt it a bit odd they always seem to be at the scene of a crash but somehow always a victim?

by conorjh

3/27/2025 at 11:24:15 AM

No? If they cause less accidents then people will hit them more often than they hit other people.

My car has been involved in more fender benders while parked in perfectly legal spaces than when I was driving it.

by Retric

3/27/2025 at 11:47:39 AM

However, such a pattern can also occur if the Waymo cars are stopping more abruptly or frequently than a human driver would be expected to.

In such a case, they might not be considered legally at fault, but they would still be, in practical terms, a significant cause of the crash.

by danaris

3/27/2025 at 1:30:39 PM

No, tailgating would be a significant cause of the crash.

A driver -- legally, logically, practically -- should always maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle in front of them so that they can stop safely. It doesn't matter if the vehicle in front of them suddenly slams on the brakes because a child or plastic bag jumped in front of them, because they suddenly realized they need to make a left turn, or mixed up the pedals.

by saalweachter

3/27/2025 at 3:05:17 PM

Oh, I fully agree—like I said, legally they're not at fault, because you'd more or less have to be tailgating and/or inattentive to crash into them just for braking unexpectedly.

But if there's an existing system and culture of driving that has certain expectations built up over a century+ of collective behavior, and then you drop into that culture a new element that systematically brakes more suddenly and unexpectedly, regardless of whether the human drivers were doing the right thing beforehand, it is both reasonable and accurate to say that the introduction of the self-driving cars contributed significantly to the increase in crashes.

If they become ubiquitous, and retain this pattern, then over time, drivers will learn it. But it will take years—probably decades—and cause increased crashes due to this pattern during that time (assuming, again, that the pattern itself remains).

by danaris

3/27/2025 at 6:32:30 PM

Tailgating causes a great number of accidents today, no autonomous cars needed.

While tailgating is tiny slice of fatal collisions -- something like 2% -- it accounts for like 1/3 of non-fatal collisions.

We're already basically at Peak Tailgating Collisions, without self-driving cars, and I'd happily put a tenner on rear-end collisions going down with self-driving cars because, even if they stop suddenly more often, at least they don't tailgate.

And it's entirely self-inflicted! You can just not tailgate; it's not even like tailgating let's you go faster, it just lets you go the exact same speed 200 feet down the road.

by saalweachter

3/29/2025 at 9:02:47 AM

Assuming a driving culture where other people won’t instantly insert themselves into the empty space in between, yes, it’s the exact same speed. I’d very much like that.

by quinnirill

3/28/2025 at 11:54:48 AM

> You can just not tailgate; it's not even like tailgating let's you go faster, it just lets you go the exact same speed 200 feet down the road.

Preach.

I was coming home a few evenings ago in the dark, and both I and my passenger were getting continually aggravated by the car that was following too close behind us, with their headlights reflecting in the wing mirrors alternately into each of our faces.

They kept that up for at least 10 miles.

by danaris

3/27/2025 at 5:12:08 PM

As a pure hypothetical what you propose is possible, but there’s actual crash data to look at so there’s no need to guess.

Waymo’s crashes that I’ve looked at have just been fairly typical someone else is blatantly at fault no unusual behavior on Waymo’s part. So while it’s possible such a thing exists it’s not common enough to matter here.

by Retric

3/27/2025 at 2:03:28 PM

This is dumb circular logic though.

Sure, the current system won't make those bad drivers pay up for that behavior, but dumping a bunch of them onto the roads is a net negative overall.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 1:08:05 PM

This.

by trainsarebetter

3/26/2025 at 9:46:54 PM

I saw a transit enthusiast YouTube video try out Waymo from the most distant part of the network to fisherman’s wharf in SF and it cost twice as much as an Uber while having a longer wait time for a car.

It also couldn’t operate on the highway so the transit time was nearly double.

One shouldn’t underestimate how economical real human operators are. It’s not like Uber drivers make a ton of money. Uber drivers often have zero capital expense since they are driving vehicles they already own. Waymo can’t share the business expense of their vehicles with their employees and have them drive them home and to the grocery store.

I’m sure it’ll improve but this tells me that Waymo’s price per vehicle including all the R&D expenses must be astronomical. They are burning $2 billion a year at the current rate even though they have revenue service.

Plus, they actually have a lot of human operators to correct issues and talk to police and things like that. Last number I found on that was over one person per vehicle but I’m not sure if anyone knows for sure.

by dangus

3/26/2025 at 9:50:44 PM

I saw a transit enthusiast YouTube video try out Waymo from the most distant part of the network to fisherman’s wharf in SF and it cost twice as much as an Uber, had a longer wait time for a car, and cost about double.

That's literally an edge case. For shorter trips, I've found it to be slightly cheaper (especially factoring in the lack of tips) with maybe a slightly longer wait.

by orangecat

3/27/2025 at 3:38:26 AM

I don't really find this to be the case at all. I've had Waymo for ~2 years now (since the private program), and I've never noticed it being quicker or cheaper than an Uber. I have several hundred rides; I prefer the service - but I've never once told people it's cheaper or faster.

Currently, on Wednesday March 26th at 8:34 a ride from Bar Part Time in the Mission to Verjus in North Beach is $21.17 with a estimated 8 minute pickup time. The same ride on UberX has an estimated 2 minute pickup time at a cost of $15.34. I could see it being cheaper if you top 20% - but I don't tip nearly that high on Uber rides.

I will admit that I could possibly be self-selecting to peak times as I own a car in the city, so I only use ride share in the evenings; so it may very well be the case that the price/wait is more competitive at off-peak hours.

Furthermore, it's quite surprising to me that it seems that the human labor cost doesn't affect the price at all. The only price controls seems to be demand and the latent demand is enough to create a price floor where there is always a human that is willing to drive. It also seems like plain old logistics and traffic will prevent Waymo from providing enough supply to offer dirt cheap rides. The fact that a ride that would have cost me $5 in 2016 is almost 4x as much with "magic self driving technology" is not something I could have told my 2016 self.

by nemothekid

3/27/2025 at 4:11:30 AM

You are also comparing Way-mo to UberX when it is more comparable to Uber comfort, but that’s often only a few dollars difference. Really, Waymo needs to come to Seattle, our uber costs are sky high and it would be easy to actually be cheaper than most uber rides here when it’s already $40 to go a short distance.

by seanmcdirmid

3/26/2025 at 11:15:38 PM

I've taken Waymo only twice (I try to avoid SF), from the ferry building to Chinatown, then back. Both times it was more expensive than Lyft with tip, but only by $2-3. It's good to know it can be cheaper.

by fallinghawks

3/27/2025 at 3:33:22 AM

lyft charges more for nicer cars so a fair comparison might be to lyft's more premium service

by brokensegue

3/27/2025 at 3:47:39 AM

This comparison doesn’t work.

Not all Waymo riders actually want the premium cars and we can’t assume that’s why they are choosing Waymo.

We have to assume that some and perhaps most riders would prefer to pay less to ride in a cheaper car but are mainly choosing Waymo because its autonomous (cool factor, the no-human factor).

Also, California mandates autonomous vehicles be fully electric by 2030. So Waymo literally has to be driving some kind of EV to comply very soon.

Jaguar’s I-pace was a poor-selling EV SUV from a struggling company with a lot of leftover inventory, so it’s almost a guarantee that Waymo got a great fleet deal on them.

by dangus

3/27/2025 at 4:14:05 AM

The cars are comfortable, even if they aren’t popular. If I had to choose between a beat up Prius uber-X or a Jaguar for a few dollars more, I’m definitely choosing the latter. I had a Mercedes (older cheaper model with mechanical issues) Uber-X fall apart on my ride in Orange County last month (my son and I were dumped near a nice mall at least), also I bet the Waymo doesn’t smell like cigarette smoke.

by seanmcdirmid

3/27/2025 at 4:51:16 AM

To me the consistency in Waymos is so valuable. If I take a Waymo in SF or LA it's gonna be the same type of car, it's very well kept, the driver has the same driving style and the same conversation preferences.

by ajmurmann

3/27/2025 at 5:03:05 AM

Unfortunately I’ve only used it a few times in SF, but I would really love that. I don’t prefer human drivers much anymore (like I want to use self checkout at a grocery store). I’m going to Beijing in a couple of weeks and hope to try whatever they have going on there.

by seanmcdirmid

3/27/2025 at 8:57:53 AM

From a quick search, you might need a local to book it, i.e. register the journey with the state apparatus.

(This is a city where buying a simple 40¢ metro ticket requires showing identification.)

by Symbiote

3/29/2025 at 5:02:25 AM

It’s really not that hard to buy a metro ticket. But we pay/alipay will make it easier, or I could just get a couple of IC cards that have been around since forever.

by seanmcdirmid

3/28/2025 at 3:38:58 AM

This amuses me, because if you’re going to Beijing you can just use the way-better-than-America public transportation.

by dangus

3/28/2025 at 4:45:46 AM

Not always and not everywhere. I lived in Beijing for 9 years on a subway line (well, after line 10 opened) that would have taken me almost straight to work, but it was so packed I still took a taxi. Maybe the extra lines/capacity makes it more comfortable now, but it wasn’t Tokyo when I was living there.

by seanmcdirmid

4/2/2025 at 2:13:58 PM

Beijing: “I could take the train but the public transit is so useful and frequent that it’s crowded so I took a taxi :’(“

My medium sized American city: “what train? What bus? What taxi?

by dangus

3/28/2025 at 3:37:41 AM

It’s great that you and the other contrarians in this thread value that, but my point is that the general consumer likely overwhelmingly chooses to pick whatever is cheapest save for specialized selections like XL or pet.

I think the best evidence of that is how uber/lyft has to use grey-ish patterns to get you to choose upmarket options. They don’t list the fares sorted by price or even list the options in a consistent order, they will strongly suggest upsells like comfort or black or whatever tier they think gives the best chance of convincing you to pay more than the bare minimum.

They also upsell faster pickup which I have to think is a way better value proposition than sitting in a nicer car temporarily.

by dangus

3/27/2025 at 11:41:57 AM

Worth noting how much the quality of each tier of Uber has degraded as well. In 2025, Uber Black car/driver quality is like Uber-X of 2019. Not unusual to get in an Uber Black with blown out shocks, smelling of cigarettes and streetcart food. Reminds me of yellow cab days.

by steveBK123

3/28/2025 at 10:44:34 PM

I always pick the cheapest Lyft available; I'm not spending a whole lotta time in it so a luxury ride isn't a priority.

by fallinghawks

3/27/2025 at 3:39:42 AM

Still, it kind of sounded like any trip involving the highway would be advantage Uber.

by dangus

3/27/2025 at 4:22:42 AM

Yes. For now

by krupan

3/26/2025 at 9:49:36 PM

The wait times have gotten better, they're getting freeway approval shortly which will be nice, the price is still at a premium (but worth it imo). I only take Waymo in SF now.

The only time I take Uber in the bay area is to the airport (and when they approve Waymo for SFO I won't take Uber then either).

by fossuser

3/26/2025 at 9:53:28 PM

I generally find that Waymos are cheaper than Uber/Lyft including tip.

I’ve also seen that, although Uber and Lyft peak times seem correlated to each other, they seem uncorrelated to Waymo peak activity. But this might be stabilizing as Waymo ridership increases.

by BurritoAlPastor

3/26/2025 at 10:23:34 PM

Ah I guess I almost never tip uber (unless something exceptional happens) - holdover from the Travis era.

by fossuser

3/27/2025 at 8:42:14 AM

>>Uber/Lyft including tip.

The real question is why tip on either of those? You pay through the app, the driver is compensated for their time, why tip extra? If you feel that Uber/Lyft are mistreating their drivers, stop using their service, not pay them on the side?

by gambiting

3/27/2025 at 9:07:59 AM

Fascinatingly, every argument you make is wrong.

> it cost twice as much as an Uber

Surely incidental since the typical price per ride is about the same. Generally though, the relationship between the cost to operate a service profitably and the price presented to the user is very complex, so just because the price happens to be x right now doesn't tell you much. For example, something like 30% of the price of an iPhone is markup.

> while having a longer wait time for a car

Obviously incidental?

> It also couldn’t operate on the highway so the transit time was nearly double.

Obviously easily fixable?

> One shouldn’t underestimate how economical real human operators are.

There's nothing to underestimate, human drivers don't scale the way software drivers do. It doesn't matter how little humans cost, they are competing with software that can be copied for free.

> Waymo can’t share the business expense of their vehicles with their employees

They can share parking space, cleaning services, maintenance, parts for repair, etc.

> I’m sure it’ll improve but this tells me that Waymo’s price per vehicle including all the R&D expenses must be astronomical.

Obviously, they're in the development phase. None of this matters long term.

> They are burning $2 billion a year at the current rate even though they have revenue service.

"The stock market went up 2% yesterday so it will go up 2% today too and every day after that."

> Plus, they actually have a lot of human operators to correct issues and talk to police and things like that.

Said operators are shared between all vehicles and their number will go down over time as the driving software improves.

---

To sum up, every single part of what Waymo is trying to do scales. Every problem you've mentioned is either incidental or a one-off cost long term.

by Mawr

3/28/2025 at 3:48:53 AM

The number one tech bro blind spot is the assumption that everything in the physical world scales with software and that every business and type of cost benefits greatly from economies of scale and the removal of human labor.

There are a great number of examples where that’s not true. Cookie store chains like Crumbl are a really good example. All the economies of scale stuff with them backfires. The product is too low price and too simple to make in batches, so the businesses with the best margins are ones that avoid traditional brick and mortar rent and don’t hire employees.

In the same way, an uber or taxi’s labor cost seems like it’s a huge scaling problem that needs to be resolved but really think about the costs involved with creating that scale to replace them.

Let’s not forget that at Waymo they still need a human to clean, fix, and charge/gas up, interact with customers and police, resolve driving edge cases, etc, all costs that a human driver essentially includes with their pay and does for “free.” Then you’ve got car storage and the capital expense of the vehicle that the uber driver heavily subsidizes and splits between business and personal use.

Basically, Waymo is looking to compete using their very complex and sophisticated solution in a market where its competitors are hiring lowest bidder temporary contractors.

by dangus

3/26/2025 at 10:02:43 PM

Both the longer wait time and the double price can likely be explained by the lack of highway.

Highway is coming.

And scale will make it cheaper. It's only cheaper than Uber sometimes currently. That will change.

by agildehaus

3/28/2025 at 1:31:03 PM

Will it change?

Uber drivers are already paid low wages and any price competition can lower their wages further.

Waymo has to pay for things that “come with” uber drivers: the cars, storage for the cars, employees to clean and maintain the cars, extra infrastructure to support the self driving cars like cellular data for each car, data centers, engineers, customer service to interact with police and resolve edge cases (will never go away). Waymo also has to pay all these people healthcare benefits and pay W2 payroll, not a thing for Uber.

Waymo is like a professional moving company competing on price with an army of lowest bidder independent contractors who already have a beat up graffiti van.

by dangus

3/26/2025 at 10:07:01 PM

My experience using Waymos in SF is that they are a little less expensive than an Uber. The other advantage is that you aren't stuck with a driver who hits on you or wants to share his opinions on the best way to slaughter goats.

by whyenot

3/27/2025 at 3:55:33 AM

I've also had an Uber driver talking about butchering various farm animals. I vastly prefer Waymo because it's a much calmer experience.

by muchosandwich

3/27/2025 at 4:16:24 AM

I had an Uber driver fall asleep on me while driving. I can’t wait for Waymo to come to Seattle.

by seanmcdirmid

3/27/2025 at 4:02:07 AM

Hopefully you guys are giving bad ratings to these insane people that think talking about slaughtering methods is appropriate cabbie talk?

by Mistletoe

3/27/2025 at 6:49:26 AM

Waymo is significantly more expensive than UberX nowadays. People are happily willing to pay for the better experience (and tourists probably the novelty)

by acchow

3/28/2025 at 1:31:24 PM

And uber is profitable. Waymo burns $2 billion a year.

by dangus

3/27/2025 at 4:11:01 AM

I mean yeah, right now they've hit the point of being quite safe, but they're not necessarily as fast as human drivers. They'll keep making incremental progress and will get there eventually, probably.

So far, every time there's been self driving car progress, someone's been like, "okay yeah, but can they do <the next thing they're working on> yet??" like some weird gotcha. Tech progress is incremental, shocking I know.

by TulliusCicero

3/27/2025 at 6:44:56 AM

> One shouldn’t underestimate how economical real human operators are

That's such a silly statement. One shouldn’t underestimate how UNeconomical real humans are.

In the past 12,000 years, human efficiency has improved, maybe, 10x. In the past 100 years, technological efficiency has improved, maybe, 1,000,000x.

Any tiny technological improvement can be instantly replicated and scaled. Meanwhile, every individual human needs to be re-trained and re-grown. They're extremely temperamental, with expensive upkeep, very short lifespans and even shorter productive lifespans.

In fact, humans have improved so little, that every time, they scoff at the new technology and say it will never take off, and they're still doing it 12,000 years later, right now, right above this post.

by Ferret7446

3/27/2025 at 2:00:35 PM

The misconception here is that technology just magically runs on its own.

No, it’s created by and maintained by humans. You’re shifting the cost of a driver to software engineers, data analysis, people mapping out roads, etc.

This is why Uber doesn’t make any money, despite being more expensive for the customer as compared to traditional taxi services. Coordinating Ubers across the country costs a lot of servers and a lot of engineers. Sure, the system is automatic - maintaining it isn’t.

So you end up with a lose-lose-lose scenario. The ride is more expensive for the customer. The driver makes less money. And Uber bleeds hundreds of millions a year.

Technology is neat, yes, but often we don’t stop and think “wait… does this make sense?”

We don’t know if autonomous cars make any economic sense. They could end up not. It doesn’t help that 99% of tech companies in the transportation space are just making trains with extra steps. Like, guys - have we even done feasibility analysis?

by consteval

3/26/2025 at 10:04:10 PM

In LA, wait times were the same as Uber and the price was the same as well (for a nicer car some of the time).

by VirusNewbie

3/27/2025 at 4:56:09 AM

I've used Waymo in both LA and SF and lived it. However, wait times in LA varied hugely. Downtown LA one evening was over twenty minutes and a few hours later less than five. I wonder if they just don't have enough vehicles there and because it's such sprawl it can easily happen that no car is nearby.

by ajmurmann

3/26/2025 at 10:24:06 PM

Waymo rides are also potentially slower because they strictly follow speed limits. Not really problematic in downtown SF but it’ll be interesting to see how it’ll be received by riders when they expand to highway driving where most people generally expect to drive over the speed limit.

by radpanda

3/26/2025 at 10:40:21 PM

On most trips people do speeding saves an irrelevant amount of time. If somehow you encounter zero traffic from Palo Alto to SF and you go 15mph over the limit the whole way it makes the trip about 5 minutes shorter.

You have about 50% more KE at 80mph as you do at 65mph btw, if you find yourself needing to dissipate that energy rapidly.

by thot_experiment

3/26/2025 at 10:56:36 PM

Sure, there’s the math, but there’s also the human nature part of it. If you’re sitting in the right lane doing the speed limit, watching dozens of cars consistently zip past, it feels like you’re “falling behind” all of that traffic. I wonder how that will be received by the riding public.

by radpanda

3/27/2025 at 9:01:29 AM

For the opposite experience, take a taxi in a low- or maybe middle-income country.

There's a good chance the driver will zoom past everything else, weaving between lanes accordingly, and you'll wish you were one of the slow vehicles. Although I'd be less concerned if the seatbelts worked.

by Symbiote

3/27/2025 at 1:15:20 PM

You mean like Boston? More than once I've had to tell an Uber driver I'll pay them more to slow down.

by Zigurd

3/27/2025 at 1:09:45 AM

When I'm traveling substantially below traffic speed I'm also decently concerned about becoming the scene of the accident. Sure it won't be me paying for the accident but I'd just rather not risk it.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 4:28:29 AM

This is often repeated, yet despite the studies on speed differentials being dangerous I am still skeptical of the more specific claim that driving the speed limit specifically when others are speeding increases your risk of getting in an accident.

by riskassessment

3/27/2025 at 5:50:11 AM

It's likely often repeated because if you try driving 55 in a 55mph zone where people are driving between 62-70, it'sterrifying, it feels like you're stopped. Whether the stat is true or not remains to be seen, but intuitively, it makes a lot of sense. Sure, your risk of rear ending someone at that point is probably negligible, but the odds of being rear ended? Hard to say

by jdyer9

3/27/2025 at 5:31:08 AM

When I’m driving the speed limit and everyone is going much faster I feel fine… they all just flow around me… if they weren’t able to flow, they wouldn’t be flying past.

by dwighttk

3/27/2025 at 9:21:21 AM

In the UK the speed limit for goods vehicles is 10 mph below the limit for cars on motorways so there are plenty of vehicles driving below the limit.

The real risk is the opposite, cars bunched together at the same speed. This is where pileups occur, somebody at the front does something stupid and the people at the back end up colliding.

by tonyedgecombe

3/27/2025 at 1:17:55 PM

The US used to have different speed limits for trucks. Oh the benefits of deregulation!

by Zigurd

3/27/2025 at 5:10:56 PM

Speed limits are set by the states, and most have lower limits (and other restrictions) for large vehicles.

Unless you have a specific claim and source for your claim?

by gnarlynarwhal42

3/27/2025 at 9:25:47 AM

I think it'll be fine as people get used to being a passenger. If you're not staring at the speed gauge already you tend to not think about it

by burnished

3/26/2025 at 10:14:45 PM

Miles?

by jonathantf2

3/27/2025 at 1:07:23 PM

That's the correct indicator to look for: the number of Waymos on the road is still very small compared to the number of other vehicles. Alphabet wouldn't risk the cost of expanding to the current number of cities without very strong confidence that they're not going to lose their shirt doing it.

The evidence so far is that they are throttling demand by keeping the prices above that of an Uber. It's definitely still an experiment. If the experiment is successful, expect to see more cities and more vehicles in each city in expanding service areas.

There are step changes that have to be made to keep waymo expanding. The tariff situation is blocking plans to have dedicated vehicles from China. That has to get sorted out. The exact shape of the business model is still experimental.

Of course it's got to be safe. But there are dozens of dull details that all have to work between now and having a profitable business. The best indicator of a plausible success is that Waymo appears to be competent at managing these details. So far anyway.

by Zigurd

3/27/2025 at 7:31:43 PM

> The evidence so far is that they are throttling demand by keeping the prices above that of an Uber.

I've only been in a handful of Waymo rides, but in each case it's been about half the price of an Uber.

by happyopossum

3/28/2025 at 12:43:41 AM

Having taken a closer look, it's at least a mixed bag. There doesn't seem to be a definitive policy to manage demand by keeping the price high.

by Zigurd

3/27/2025 at 9:51:48 PM

This has been my experience also, especially considering no tipping.

by asielen

3/27/2025 at 6:18:50 AM

> One of the drivers had 56 near crashes and 4 actual crashes in less than 20K miles!

There would be a strong argument to simply banning the worst 1% of drivers from driving, and maybe even compensating them with lifetime free taxi rides, on the taxpayers dime.

by londons_explore

3/27/2025 at 7:41:03 AM

Nah, just revoke their licenses and make it much harder to get one to begin with. Autonomous driving removes the economic necessity of having one. Just get a proper car that can drive you to work. No need for you to do anything. Catch up on lost sleep (a common cause of accidents is people being to tired to drive) or whatever.

Expect to pay for the privilege of driving yourself and putting others at risk. If you really want to drive yourself, you'll just have to skill up to get a license and proper training, get extra insurance for the increased liability, etc. And then if you prove to be unworthy of having a license after all, it will be taken away. Because it's a privilege and not a right to have one and others on the road will insist that you are competent to drive. And with all the autonomous and camera equipped cars, incompetent drivers will be really easy to spot and police.

It will take a while before we get there; this won't happen overnight. But that's where it's going. Most people will choose not to drive most of the time for financial reasons. Driving manually then becomes a luxury. Getting a license becomes optional, not a rite of passage that every teenager takes. Eventually, owning cars that enable manual driving will become more expensive or may not even be road legal in certain areas. Etc.

by jillesvangurp

3/27/2025 at 1:14:35 PM

Lower income people, in the U.S., tend to live in cheap areas and use a car to access employment in an hour+ radius. Making driving expensive for them simply means limiting their employment or cutting them off from it entirely.

Driving should not be a privilege exclusively for rich people. Poor people cannot afford to pay an Uber to drive them around and can’t afford to buy some Tesla with FSD either. Waymo would be grossly unaffordable for a 120 mile daily round trip commute.

In Australia I met people with even longer commutes - going 150km to get to a job, mostly due to how unaffordable housing has become.

If you want to take away people’s cars, you need to make sure they can access employment and have affordable, safe housing. Remember that half the population makes less than the median income.

by trollbridge

3/27/2025 at 2:25:52 PM

Driving is not a right, it is a privilege.

Someone's individual economic circumstances are irrelevant. You can either drive safely or you can't.

by pc86

3/27/2025 at 6:13:13 PM

No one said it isn’t a privilege.

I don’t agree with making driving something only the wealthy do, though.

by trollbridge

3/28/2025 at 1:00:30 PM

False equivalency. Even taken to extreme ends nothing here can be construed as suggesting "only the wealthy" should be allowed or able to drive.

The moment someone suggests enforcement of a law someone comes running in yelling about how it's regressive and will disproportionately affect the poor, and by extension "only the wealthy" will be able to do whatever.

Everything disproportionately affects the poor because it's very hard to be poor.

And the moment you say we shouldn't enforce laws because it will make poor peoples' lives harder you are saying that something is no longer a privilege. That poor people should be able to break the law with lesser or no consequence because they are poor.

by pc86

3/28/2025 at 5:12:25 PM

I wonder if there should be a two-tiered structure to replace the traditional drivers license. In flying, you can get a Private Pilot License, or you can get a Sport Pilot Certificate, which is easier to get but has fewer privileges. It would be interesting to see a state replace a drivers license with the Sport level license, which would only let you drive a vehicle up to 6,000 pounds (Cadillac Escalade), have other restrictions, and have a higher insurance rate. Then the higher level license would require additional training (somewhere between current DL requirements and the monthlong requirement for a CDL) and let you drive the full limit of 26,000 pounds and you'd get discounted insurance.

by Breza

3/27/2025 at 5:39:27 PM

If you stop one person then maybe it becomes impossible to get from their give to their job. If you stop all the poor people from doing it then what happens? The jobs don't evaporate. Maybe it becomes economical to run a bus, or open more businesses outside the CBD.

by Y_Y

3/27/2025 at 2:38:00 PM

In the vast majority of cases, being a bad driver is a lifestyle choice, not an incurable condition. No-one should be granted a right to present a significant danger to other people as a consequence of making bad and avoidable lifestyle choices.

by mannykannot

3/27/2025 at 11:49:13 AM

> Autonomous driving removes the economic necessity of having one.

...Once autonomous cars can go everywhere human-driven cars can, in all the conditions humans can drive in.

Remember that Waymo is still very restrictive in where they choose to operate.

by danaris

3/28/2025 at 8:57:50 PM

I wonder if there will be a gap between (1) AVs being so common that driving for Uber doesn't make financial sense, and (2) AVs being able to operate in all driving conditions. I imagine people at a concert all fleeing for AV taxis after receiving alerts of unexpected fog coming.

by Breza

3/27/2025 at 8:37:47 AM

>>Nah, just revoke their licenses and make it much harder to get one to begin with

I 1000% agree with you, but unfortunately in some countries like the US that kind of argument leads to nowhere, because people think driving is a human right and also the entire country is built around having a car so you are actually truly screwed if you don't have one.

>> Autonomous driving removes the economic necessity of having one. Just get a proper car that can drive you to work.

Sure, except it doesn't exist and I honestly doubt it ever(in the next 50-100 years) will. If you need autonomous driving that takes you to your destination that already exists though - it's called a taxi.

by gambiting

3/27/2025 at 6:33:46 PM

The type of people who frequently cause collisions are the same people that will drive without a license. And because they're also judgment proof deadbeats they often don't have liability insurance either.

by nradov

3/27/2025 at 9:20:37 AM

Someone from Germany could confirm or correct this, but I have been told that if you get a DUI in Germany, your driver’s license is toast —for good.

by ChrisMarshallNY

3/27/2025 at 9:32:15 AM

You can banned for a longish time and then have to do an "idiot" test (as they call it) to get your license back. In addition you have to supply hair samples so that you prove you've not been taking any further substance (in recent history).

Generally you have to do a lot to get banned for life - remember Germany is run by car lobbies, they are not interested in banning people from driving,

by Towaway69

3/27/2025 at 10:38:24 AM

Thanks! That makes more sense, to me.

> you have to supply hair samples

That seems like an idea that could be useful, over here, but we have a pretty strong sin lobby, so it's unlikely to happen.

by ChrisMarshallNY

3/27/2025 at 1:52:09 PM

> pretty strong sin lobby

Sin is ok here, that's why our policitians have little or no hair ;)

by Towaway69

3/27/2025 at 2:02:23 PM

If you are caught driving above the legal limit of 0.05% you are fined roughly $570, are prohibited from driving for 1 month, and receive 2 “points”. Points accumulate and once you reach 8 you lose your drivers license. In this case you would keep the points for five years. Many different driving offences give you points.

For comparison, to get a similar penalty by speeding you would have to exceed the speed limit by 51 km/h (32 mph).

There are many additional related offences you could commit, with different consequences. Repeat offences to the above, for example, are punished more severely: you get 3 months instead of 1 and the fine is doubled and tripled for the second and third offence, respectively. Already with a blood alcohol level of 0.03% you risk legal consequences, e.g. if you make an error while driving. If you endanger someone else (or property) with that level you are committing a crime, will lose your license, and can go to prison. If you are in your probationary period (two years after acquiring your license), any nonzero level is an offence.

Losing your license is generally temporary. You are blocked from re-acquiring it for some time, depending on the offence (at least 6 months, but can be multiple years). You have to complete an MPU, which certifies your ability to safely drive. For alcohol based offences, this would include demonstrating that you have reduced your consumption significantly. This can be quite harsh; you may, for example, be required to show complete abstinence for a period of one year. Of course, you are also looking at costs close to $1000 for the MPU alone. It is possible to get permanently blocked from driving, but it's quite difficult, I believe.

by suyjuris

3/27/2025 at 11:37:24 AM

My impression from the internet is that the US is particularly weak on this - people talk about tickets for DUIs like it's not a big deal.

In the UK you get a minimum 12 month ban, an unlimited fine (which are based on income and have been quite big in the past (Dec of Ant and Dec got an £86000 fine). I don't think this approach is uncommon in Europe.

by juntoalaluna

3/27/2025 at 1:10:06 PM

It’s not. Yearlong suspension where I live, major fines, and you basically need to get a lawyer to navigate the process which is generally at least $10k. You become almost uninsurable and have to show proof to the court you carry insurance, or else you go straight to jail and your car gets impounded if you get pulled over.

With a valid employment reason (such as snow plow operator) you can get an employment only permit. Your insurance will easily be $1000 a month just for basic liability. I’ve known a few guys in this situation.

The bigger problem is people who are judgment proof and don’t mind spending some time in jail. They just drive drunk over and over and don’t care if their car (which is often a relative’s) gets impounded. They have no valid licence and no insurance. Short of permanent incarceration, there isn’t much they can be done about such people.

by trollbridge

3/27/2025 at 4:57:24 PM

> The bigger problem is people who are judgment proof and don’t mind spending some time in jail. They just drive drunk over and over and don’t care if their car (which is often a relative’s) gets impounded. They have no valid licence and no insurance. Short of permanent incarceration, there isn’t much they can be done about such people.

Yep, when you get down to this root fact, it's nearly impossibly to _actually_ stop someone from driving a car. If you make insurance mandatory, they will still not buy insurance. If you revoke their license, they will keep driving without it. If you fine them, they just won't pay. If they go to jail for it, they'll resume driving when they get out.

by ryandrake

3/27/2025 at 6:43:54 AM

Perverse incentives will just balloon the bad driver population. Funny, since the brits have a history with these kinds of things.

by eptcyka

3/27/2025 at 7:03:05 AM

Yes something like free bus card and N kilometers of taxi fares per month, so that :

1. People who normally take the bus are not incentivise to get their driving license /make a big accident

2. People already driving are still blt rewarded ,just not blocked

3. One may argue that if some of the borderline "not that dangerous but still..." driver do it on purpose to cross the line it still may benefits soxiety economically wise

by allan_s

3/27/2025 at 11:59:26 AM

Hang on, why are brits suddenly being mentioned?

by n4r9

3/27/2025 at 4:38:12 PM

I am making rather overextended assumptions as to the ethnicity/nationality of the original poster based on their username.

by eptcyka

3/27/2025 at 9:17:27 PM

Aahh. I think your extrapolation is indeed correct.

by n4r9

3/27/2025 at 2:24:50 PM

You don't have a right to free transportation.

I'd immediately donate money to and vote for any politician stupid enough to say we should revoke licenses from the worst 1% of drivers.

Revoke their licenses, let them figure it out. Get a ride from friends. Take the bus. Move closer to work. You're a danger.

If they break the law and drive anyway, put them in jail.

by pc86

3/27/2025 at 5:00:36 PM

> If they break the law and drive anyway, put them in jail.

They are going to drive anyway, because in most of the USA, you need a car to get basically anywhere, including to work. So now instead of just being a bad driver, they're also unemployed and sitting in jail, which taxpayers are paying for. There are people with dozens of DUIs, totally uninsurable, their licenses pretty much permanently revoked, and they still drive every day.

by ryandrake

3/27/2025 at 5:39:37 PM

Yes, people will break the law. That doesn't mean they shouldn't be punished for it, and it doesn't mean that we shouldn't do things that are good for society (telling bad drivers they're no longer allowed to drive) because some percentage of those people will decide of their own volition to break the law.

by pc86

3/27/2025 at 7:54:06 PM

> They are going to drive anyway

Honestly, arrest them. Someone willing to operate a motor vehicle without a license is one step away from manslaughter.

by JumpCrisscross

3/27/2025 at 11:38:24 PM

> Someone willing to operate a motor vehicle without a license is one step away from manslaughter.

I suspect there are plenty of undocumented immigrants in states that don't have the equivalent of AB 60 licenses who are perfectly safe drivers. Perhaps even safer than licensed drivers, since they have more to lose from moving violations.

by pcwalton

3/28/2025 at 1:01:51 PM

We're not talking about people who are here illegally, we're talking about people who have already proven they are incapable or unwilling to operate a motor vehicle safely, get punished for it, and decide to drive anyway.

by pc86

3/27/2025 at 11:50:20 AM

Great idea. And people who start fires while cooking should be given free private chefs too.

by HamsterDan

3/27/2025 at 12:32:34 PM

It really depends on whether there's shame attached, which isn't easy to control.

A private chef sounds good to me; having to go and collect specially marked "safe" meals at the supermarket with a card that's only given to adults the state deems incapable of looking after themselves, not so much.

by akoboldfrying

3/27/2025 at 9:39:48 AM

It kinda works already without outright banning them: the mandatory insurance will get more and more expensive the more accidents they have.

So they price themselves out.

Of course, they may then decide not to have insurance at all. In most countries that is illegal and doing that in a premeditated way is criminality and something else entirely.

Not sure if insurance is mandatory in the US or not - I assume instead you just get into a gunfight with the other party instead?/s

by mattlondon

3/27/2025 at 5:36:40 PM

Not sure if insurance is mandatory in the US or not

It's mandatory and requiring proof when you register your car. Your insurer also has a line to the DMV (car registration government) to say, "FYI this guy is not insured" and the DMV gets mad.

It's a known problem, particularly with undocumented peoples, that they are often uninsured. California studied the issue: https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/105-type/95-guides...

In the report California states up to 13% of the US residents of some areas do not happen to possess documentation documenting their legality of being in the US. Often they came from countries with no insurance requirement, so they are unaware of American culture and policies in this regard. The report also states 10% of drivers are uninsured. I'm not sure why the DMV isn't getting mad in this case, being informed the car is not insured. So it's "mandatory" but 10% of drivers are not insured. Similar to how in California retail theft is technically "illegal" but a lot of people will do that without consequences. Honestly if you ask me we need to be waiving the insurance requirement for cultural reasons and take a verbal Spanish-first policy to help accommodate people who have undocumented English skills or are without documentation of being literate.

by amy_petrik

3/27/2025 at 10:00:00 AM

1 issue is insurance doesn't pay out much for road deaths.

Government generally budgets deaths at $3M-$30M per person killed. Yet a car accident that kills someone usually doesn't result in any payout at all.

That in turn means insurance companies are offering risky people lower rates than economists would suggest for the societal cost/risk.

by londons_explore

3/27/2025 at 10:09:59 AM

Just because it costs the government 10mil or whatever when they have an oopsie and kill someone doesn't mean anyone outside the .gov is actually seeing a cent. It's mostly overhead of cleanup, both physical and legal/process.

I bet the actual payouts to families are similar for normal deaths that don't result in a media spectacle and the court of public opinion being involved.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 9:54:49 AM

If you're having an accident costing $10k twice a year, your insurance ought to cost at least $20k/year.

But for whatever reason, it seems such people end up with far lower (yet still expensive) insurance quotes at more like $4k/year.

by londons_explore

3/27/2025 at 10:30:53 AM

They can't charge $20k/yr because that costs more than buying a POS, not registering it and getting it out of impound a couple times and then abandoning it.

With numbers like that you're fundamentally running against the people's willingness to comply (which includes the cop's willingness to enforce).

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 11:39:26 AM

Precisely - even insurance doesn't have the fat tail of awful driver data because they are disproportionately driving around uninsured illegally.

by steveBK123

3/27/2025 at 12:01:33 PM

That doesn't make any sense. The insurance company willingly loses money just to avoid the possibility of someone driving illegally?

by n4r9

3/27/2025 at 1:32:21 PM

They're not losing money. They're taking it from everyone else.

"oh you hit a mailbox during an ice storm that we paid out $50 for after your deductible, that'll be a $400/6mo increase in premiums for the next five years"

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 2:50:48 PM

Still doesn't seem to add up. Consider someone that causes accidents at a rate of £20k/yr, and whose insurance is £4k/y. Either they're insanely wealthy and are paying the repair costs themselves via deductibles, or the insurance companies are losing money.

by n4r9

3/28/2025 at 9:52:02 AM

You don't understand. Insurance is using that person as a pretext to jack up the rate of everyone who shares demographics with that person. Even if that person is only paying in 80% of what they cost on a 5yr basis a bunch of cheaper people are getting screwed into paying 200%. It works better for insurance company this way because at least they're getting 80% out of the guy rather than zero.

by potato3732842

3/28/2025 at 2:18:49 PM

Demographic risk pooling makes sense for moderate-risk individuals (despite being ethically horrendous). But for extreme outliers like this, the insurance company has a very high expectation that they're going to lose money in the coming year if they offer a premium below 15-20k. It just doesn't make financial sense to do so. At least in the UK you're obliged to declare the last five years of accidents and claims when applying for insurance, and I'd be surprised if they're not looking out for red flags like this.

by n4r9

3/27/2025 at 1:23:13 PM

It’s mandatory. That doesn’t stop people from driving a relative’s car with no insurance. Or driving with expired tags.

Good luck if such a person hits you; they’ll simply drive off. Recently a friend of mine had a fender bender with someone else, most likely his fault. That person didn’t have a valid registration or insurance and wasn’t at fault but begged to just go without calling the police. My friend handed them the cash out of his pocket since he felt bad for damaging their car, but they did NOT want to see the police.

The only way to enforce not having expired tags/no licence/no insurance is strict police enforcement. A lot of Americans don’t like that and so police agencies end up being lenient, preferring to focus on more violent crimes instead of just trying to pull every car with expired tags over.

by trollbridge

3/27/2025 at 11:38:05 AM

Wait until you hear about the post-COVID rates of lawlessness in the US with uninsured and/or unlicensed drivers on the road..

by steveBK123

3/27/2025 at 2:15:02 PM

> 4 actual crashes in less than 20K miles

Sorry if you're having a car crash every 6 months or less, you shouldn't have a license.

Driving a car is privilege granted to you by your state, and this state is negligent in its protection of everyone else by letting this idiot continue to drive. Sell your car, take the bus, move closer to work, I don't care.

More than 3 at-fault crashes in a year or more than 10 at-fault crashes ever and you should permanently lose your license forever. That seems more than generous enough.

by pc86

3/27/2025 at 2:54:32 PM

> Sorry if you're having a car crash every 6 months or less, you shouldn't have a license.

Actual traffic enforcement does not seem to produce this result. This woman is fairly famous on Reddit for her erratic driving, and was reported in 2019 as having been involved in 31 crashes since 2000: https://www.wral.com/story/lawyer-stayumbl-driver-a-victim-o...

She is still driving (with a new license plate after 2019): https://old.reddit.com/r/bullcity/comments/1ji3y82/jesusdos_...

by derf_

3/27/2025 at 4:36:45 PM

There is already a mechanism for this that the government doesn’t even have to be directly involved in - insurance. At some point you become prohibitively expensive to insure.

However, the government still has to do its part and actually enforce insurance requirements.

My pet hypothesis is that there is a tipping point where the feedback loop between driver safety, ai advancements, and insurance costs will doom manually driven cars faster than most people think.

by eightysixfour

3/27/2025 at 6:22:08 PM

> At some point you become prohibitively expensive to insure.

This would probably just cause more uninsured drivers. For California, that's around 17% [1]!

[1] https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-uninsure...

by nomel

3/27/2025 at 7:49:40 PM

Yes, that’s why I said

> However, the government still has to do its part and actually enforce insurance requirements.

by eightysixfour

3/27/2025 at 5:55:57 PM

Here in Norway we've got a point system[1], and I'm sure we didn't invent it.

Each point lasts for 3 years, and if you accumulate more than 8 you lose your license for 6 months.

A speeding ticket is at least two points, and running a red light or tailgating is three for example. You get double points the first two years after getting your license.

[1]: https://www.vegvesen.no/en/driving-licences/driving-licence-...

by magicalhippo

3/27/2025 at 2:26:24 PM

It's probably some old "bingo and church" driver who has a 50-50 shot of winding up in the ditch if it snows during Bingo and that "20k" is actually "8yr", the kind of thing insurance would never know about if you're not getting towing coverage through them.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 9:08:45 AM

Is Waymo doing ‘easier’ miles than an average human in any way? How limited is their range and types of roads they’ll use?

by jonplackett

3/27/2025 at 11:50:40 AM

Yes, vastly easier.

As I understand it, they limit their range to a few cities in the American Southwest and West Coast, and don't operate in bad weather.

by danaris

3/27/2025 at 6:20:49 PM

Waymo definitely operates on bad weather. In fact, that is when I use it most since I don't want to walk or bike in the city when its pouring. The wait times are longer on those days.

City driving is very chaotic. Though speeds tend to be lower so likely accidents would be just fender benders. They don't operate on freeways.

by mdeeks

3/27/2025 at 6:30:07 AM

> Serious crash rates are a hockey stick pattern. 20% of the drivers cause 80% of the crashes, to a rough approximation. For the worst 20% of drivers, the Waymo is almost certainly better already.

I would wager that those 20% of drivers also are disproportionally under the influence of drugs, impaired in any way (i.e., stroke, heart attack, etc), or experiencing sudden unexpected events such as equipment malfunction.

Defensive driving is risk mitigation.

by motorest

3/27/2025 at 6:52:29 AM

You forgot "being an idiot" and it's strange, because the vast majority of the accidents are caused by that. Have you never watched "idiots driving" videos on YouTube?

by MichaelRo

3/27/2025 at 10:49:17 AM

Stupid behavior is not exclusive to being on drugs, heart attack or equipment malfunction though.

While I like watching those videos I suspect a fair share of them has a deeper explanation than "being an idiot”. But it’s a lot less fun to watch when you imagine the guy driving may be in a desperate position.

Btw the meaning of idiot is “someone ignorant". As contextless external watchers of a crash, the real idiots are probably you and me, the YouTube watchers.

by aziaziazi

3/27/2025 at 7:59:08 AM

You'd be correct. At least as far as fatalities are concerned. 50% of all fatalities involve drugs or alcohol. Around 50% of all fatalities are single vehicle accidents though. 15% are motorcycles. 15% are pedestrians.

And of course around 80% involve youth, testosterone and horsepower in some combination. The rest are almost always weather or terrain related in some way. Massive pileups on the highway in the winter and upside down vehicles on waterways in the summer.

Very rarely does a fatal accident happen without several factors being present.

by timewizard

3/26/2025 at 9:53:28 PM

What about the benefit to the 80% if the 20% were obligated to use software instead of their own wetware in a hypothetical world where this was feasible in all respects. Imagine if you transitioned to most new drivers for instance being issued only permits to use self driving vehicles and older drivers being obligated to switch at 65.

by michaelmrose

3/26/2025 at 11:20:42 PM

As someone getting on towards 65 I have to point out that insurance rates are less for the 65-70s than for any group younger that 55, and claim rates are lower than for any of the under 65s. My relatives didn't really start crashing into stuff till they got to about 90. And then it was kind of slow motion. (for this data https://www.abi.org.uk/products-and-issues/choosing-the-righ...)

by tim333

3/27/2025 at 1:06:11 AM

Is that because you're better or because you're less exposed?

Not a lot of 65yo people working 80hr weeks, slogging out 50-100mi commutes or plowing into moose while blinded by the 6am sun on their way back from 3rd shift.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 3:44:26 AM

Insurance rates have a mileage component that should address that, although the smallest mileage category may be too large to really capture that. But if you're doing a 100 mile commute 5 days a week, that's likely beyond the lowest category.

by toast0

3/27/2025 at 4:08:08 AM

There is talk of per-mile insurance becoming a thing, maybe when per-mile registration taxes finally are? This would benefit a lot of us that come way under the lowest band.

by seanmcdirmid

3/27/2025 at 4:46:15 AM

Per-mile insurance has existed for a while, from companies like metromile.

by kaikai

3/27/2025 at 4:54:32 AM

Yes, I’ve seen a few but so far never cheaper than per mile insurance, at least where I live. I’ll talk to my agent next year to see if my current home owner insurance company has one that works that way. My current policy uses my phone to track and reward driving habits, but it tracks my bus rides as car rides as well, which sucks. Can’t they come up with an Apple car app or something?

by seanmcdirmid

3/27/2025 at 5:22:59 AM

I’m so tempted to use a car insurance app, but in the end I don’t want to run a tracker

by dwighttk

3/27/2025 at 5:39:27 AM

I don’t want to be penalized if I come to a sudden halt on a remote back road, with no one around, to remove a turtle, or a tire, or a bedframe from the road.

(Yes, I’ve done all of the above, multiple times.)

by macintux

3/27/2025 at 11:14:09 AM

Good point. I hadn’t even thought of getting pinged for non-wrecks.

by dwighttk

3/27/2025 at 8:24:53 AM

They are more careful. They drive more slowly. They are more afraid. They are safer drives considering outcomes. The problem here is that people say "better driver" can be evaluated in various ways, safety only one of them. Many people think, for example, that if you get there faster, you are better driver. Or if you can show quick thinking by sudden movements.

> Not a lot of 65yo people working 80hr weeks, slogging out 50-100mi commutes or plowing into moose while blinded by the 6am sun on their way back from 3rd shift.

People who drive in that state are one of two things: irresponsible or poor with no other choice.

Driving regularly while tired and sleep deprived is a big factor in accidents ... and that many people are somehow seeing it as heroship rather then being irresponsible is a cultural issue.

by watwut

3/27/2025 at 9:05:08 AM

Personally I'd say a mix of factors. Experience, a bit more cautious / laid back as in driving slower / leaving more distance, and probably less miles overall.

by tim333

3/27/2025 at 12:35:13 AM

New drivers become better drivers by driving and gaining experience. This is why some states implement a mandatory minimum practice duration before you can get a license. Mandating they don't practice would be detrimental to the driving culture as it would skew in favor of AI by preventing learning in the first place.

by TehCorwiz

3/27/2025 at 8:01:08 AM

Some Australian provinces give you "P-Plates." These limit your privileges even after getting your license. Limits on number of passengers, times of day you can drive, and a horsepower limit. All of which are from many bloody lessons.

by timewizard

3/27/2025 at 8:40:17 AM

Tbf, like with many things in that country, I think it's fair to say Australians take this way too far. You're a grown adult who can drink alcohol, go fight for your country, get married etc etc....but god forbid that you drive after dark.

by gambiting

3/27/2025 at 10:07:47 AM

While Australia does take things too far, I’m actually on their side here. Driving has been too normalized. You’re operating a 2 ton chunk of metal at 60+ mph inches away from other people. Australia has far fewer pedestrian deaths per capita than the US does, and enforcing a higher skill bar for more difficult situations must be part of that.

by amohn9

3/27/2025 at 10:11:36 AM

Saying you can't drive with 2 passangers at night has nothing to do with skill - if it did, you could pass a test to demonstrate that you can do this safely. Instead it's just another "you're not mature enough to do this" restriction which is bonkers. Again, you can drive this 2 ton chunk of metal, but at night? With passangers?? Phwoar, we can't have that.

by gambiting

3/27/2025 at 10:25:32 AM

Most of the time with obviously nonsensical stuff like that they're doing it to appease certain demographics or stakeholders.

They needed Karen's support to get the whole thing passed so they added a "and we won't let them drive after dark" clause to get it.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 10:45:18 AM

"you're not mature enough to do this"

Isn't it rather saying that you're not experienced enough to do this. Speaking only for myself, I passed my driving test no problem and after a couple of month of driving I thought I was a great driver. Yet looking back now with the benefit of experience I know for a fact I did some really stupid things that first year of driving and it was only luck rather skill that led to me not getting into an accident.

by dagw

3/27/2025 at 12:45:07 PM

Again, that would make sense if it applied equally for all new drivers - but if you're over 25 then there is no such restriction, even if you got your licence a day before. You have zero experience behind the wheel but you're fine to drive in a car full of people, but someone who has been driving for 7 years but is one day short of 25 can't do it - who is the more experienced driver there?

So yeah, it's all about "not being mature enough".

by gambiting

3/27/2025 at 7:33:56 PM

The majority of pedestrian deaths take place at night.

by timewizard

3/28/2025 at 2:00:53 PM

Do people under 25 carrying 2 or more passangers on average kill more pedestrians when driving at night?

by gambiting

3/27/2025 at 10:01:04 AM

To clarify, the rule is intended to stop party cars full of drunk teens at 2am. The actual rules are like (NSW):

> If you're under 25 and are on your red Ps, you must not drive with more than one passenger who is under 21 between 11pm and 5am.

(Red Ps means the first year of being able to drive unsupervised)

by akdor1154

3/27/2025 at 5:23:54 AM

Interestingly that’s the same thing that’s happening to school in general

by dwighttk

3/27/2025 at 3:04:25 AM

I think the theory would be that they never get practice and never manually drive ever. You know right after we solve the cost issue.

by michaelmrose

3/26/2025 at 11:18:50 PM

Perhaps drunk drivers should be obligated to use automatic cars for some duration.

by threatofrain

3/27/2025 at 12:08:57 AM

The main reason we don't revoke licenses more aggressively right now is that America's infrastructure is so car-oriented that forcing people to never drive again can be a disruption on-par with being added to the sex-offender registry (1).

If self-driving cars became prevalent, I can absolutely see it leading to an increase in license revocation as a punishment for unsafe driving.

(1) Setting aside one's personal opinion on which is more dangerous to society: people on the sex-offender registry or drunk drivers.

by shadowgovt

3/27/2025 at 7:07:37 AM

Iunno, doesn’t stop Canada from issuing 1yr driving bans for 1st offence DUI, and that starts at 0.08

(And a lot of provinces do bans measured in days if you hit 0.05)

by Scoundreller

3/27/2025 at 1:20:30 PM

America is different and becoming more so.

by Zigurd

3/27/2025 at 7:16:42 PM

I think that no matter how good Waymo is doing, there is still the problem of who is responsible when a self driving is involved in a serious accident.

The only solution to that is probably to only let self driving cars onto the road, in an all-or-nothing solution.

by sharken

3/26/2025 at 9:36:09 PM

I was initially skeptical about self-driving cars but I've been won over by Waymo's careful and thoughtful approach using visual cues, lidar, safety drivers and geo-fencing. That said I will never trust my life to a Tesla robotaxi that uses visual cues only and will drive into a wall painted to look like the road ahead like Wile E. Coyote. Beep beep.

Man Tests If Tesla Autopilot Will Crash Into Wall Painted to Look Like Road https://futurism.com/tesla-wall-autopilot

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 6:37:39 AM

I started digging into this rabbit hole and I found it fairly telling how much energy is being expended on social media over LiDAR vs no LiDAR. Much of it feels like sock puppetry led by Tesla investors and their couterparties.

I see this whole thing is a business viability narrative wherein Tesla would be even further under water if they were forced to admit that LiDAR may possess some degree of technical superiority and could provide a reliability and safety uplift. It must have taken millions of dollars in marketing budget to erase the customer experiences around the prior models of their cars that did have this technology and performed accordingly.

by bob1029

3/27/2025 at 10:16:41 AM

I use FSD every day and it has driven easily 98% of the miles on my model 3. I would never let it drive unsupervised. I honestly have no idea how they think they're ready for robotaxis. FSD is an incredible driver assistance system. It's actually a joy to use, but it's simply not capable of reliable unsupervised performance. A big reason, it struggles exactly where you think it would based on a vision only system. It needs a more robust mechanism of building it's world model.

A simple example. I was coming out of a business driveway, turning left onto a two lane road. It was dark out with no nearby street lights. There was a car approaching from the left. FSD could see that a car was coming. However, from the view of a camera, it was just a ball of light. There was no reasonable way the camera could discern the distance given the brightness of the headlights. I suspected this was the case and was prepared to intervene, but left FSD on to see how it would respond. Predictably, it attempted to pull out in front of the car and risked a collision.

That kind of thing simply can not be allowed to happen with a truly autonomous vehicle and would never happen with lidar.

Hell, just this morning on my way to work FSD was going run a flashing red light. It's probably 95% accurate with flashing reds, but that needs to be 100%. That being said, my understanding is the current model being trained has better temporal understanding such that flashing lights will be more comprehensible to the system. We'll see.

by x187463

3/27/2025 at 5:05:15 PM

Your report matches many other real world reports I've read. I'm pretty good at day dreaming or thinking while driving, so having to keep my hands ready to take over while being completely alert that FSD might error would be a big downgrade in my driving experience. I'd rather drive myself where my subconscious muscle memory does the driving so my conscious mind can think about other things. Having to pay attention to what FSD was doing would be a drag and prevent me from relaxing.

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 7:39:59 PM

And you trust that you will ALWAYS have the awareness of intervening if and when FSD does something life threatening? You are braver than I am.

I am willing to experiment in many ways with things in my life, but not WITH my life.

by Nemi

3/27/2025 at 9:41:41 PM

I've used FSD a lot. Supervising it is a skill that you actively develop and can get very good at. Some argue that if you have to supervise it, there's no point, but I disagree. I still use it for much of my daily commute even though I have to supervise it and occasionally intervene. It's still a significant net positive addition to the driving experience for me overall. I would legitimately consider using it a skill that improves with practice; there's a threshold of skill where it becomes a huge positive, but below that threshold it can be a negative.

by nilkn

3/27/2025 at 10:30:27 AM

Tesla sold a million Model Ys last year. So having a safety increasing part like lidar would reduce the profit by hundreds millions. Removal of ultrasonic sensors saved Tesla tens of millions. Ok, model Y is a big car and I don’t aim for tightest parking spots anymore. But basically removal of anything is very profitable for Tesla. And vice versa adding something useful is very expensive.

by lnsru

3/27/2025 at 11:26:07 AM

It’s saved hundreds of millions at minimum. LiDAR is incredibly expensive hardware which is why they’re making it work well without it - it would make the cost of the cars really uncompetitive while also looking incredibly silly like Waymos. No one would buy them

by whamlastxmas

3/27/2025 at 1:28:17 PM

Which is why it makes more sense for driverless cars to not be individually owned. At least for now.

It would be like owning your own bus.

by IshKebab

3/27/2025 at 9:55:32 AM

"It's a feature, not a bug!"

I suspect it would be a major undertaking to add LiDAR at this point because none of their software is written to use it

by labrador

3/28/2025 at 2:30:56 AM

Just because Tesla uses shitty 2MP sensors of 2013 vintage (at least for HW3) doesn’t mean that robotaxi levels of safety can’t be achieved with just modern cameras and radars (plural)

As someone in the industry, I find the LiDAR discussion distracting from meaningful discussions about redundancy and testing

by rangestransform

3/27/2025 at 11:28:16 AM

We all see our perspectives as getting quashed. I see the opposite of you - people pushing arguments that make no sense to me in terms of criticizing Tesla for not using lidar, which is an argument that seemingly deliberately glances over the very real and valid reasons for Tesla choosing not to use it

by whamlastxmas

3/26/2025 at 10:13:09 PM

Mark Rober's video is misleading. First, he used autopilot, not FSD. Second, he sped up to 42mph and turned on autopilot a few seconds before impact[1], but he edited the Youtube video to make it look like he started autopilot a from a standstill far away from the barrier. Third, there is an alert message on his screen. It's too small to read in the video, but it could be the "autopilot will not brake" alert that happens when you put your foot on the gas.

In the water test, Rober has the Tesla driving down the center of the road, straddling the double yellow line. Autopilot will not do this, and the internal shots of the car crop out the screen. He almost certainly manually drove the car through the water and into the dummy.

One person tried to reproduce Rober's Wile E. Coyote test using FSD. FSD v12 failed to stop, but FSD v13 detected the barrier and stopped in time.[2]

Lidar would probably improve safety, but Rober's video doesn't prove anything. He decided on an outcome before he made the video.

1. https://x.com/MarkRober/status/1901449395327094898

2. https://x.com/alsetcenter/status/1902816452773810409

by ggreer

3/26/2025 at 10:30:40 PM

[flagged]

by labrador

3/26/2025 at 10:33:20 PM

The first tweet I linked to is Mark Rober's unedited video of the crash. The second tweet I linked to is a video of someone trying to reproduce the Wile E. Coyote test. Unless you think the videos are faked (one of which was posted by Mark Rober), I'm not sure what objection you're making.

by ggreer

3/26/2025 at 10:55:15 PM

My objection is Elon Musk and Tesla superfans will go to great lengths to spin events in Musk and Tesla's favor and X is their mouth piece. I looked at the replies under Mark Rober's video and it's the typical flood of Musk and Tesla super fans raging at him. Someone needs to explain why Mark Rober would post a misleading test. He seems like a solid guy. People I respect follow him, such as Palmer Luckey, Leopold Aschenbrenner and Andrej Karpathy.

Let's get back to my main point, that Tesla's not having Lidar is stupid and I don't trust a self-driving car that can't adequately detect solid objects in it's environment

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 12:06:08 AM

It's much harder to determine motive (which only exists in Mark Rober's mind) than to determine whether a video is misleading. You can look at Rober's Youtube video, compare it to the unedited video (which he only posted on Twitter), and see how he edited it so that people didn't realize he accelerated the car to 42mph and engaged autopilot a few seconds before impact. You can also watch the bit in his Youtube video where he explains that he tests autopilot, not FSD, despite the title of the video being Can You Fool A Self Driving Car?. And you can watch the video posted by the other guy who showed that the latest version of FSD passes the Wile E. Coyote test.

I'm not defending any of those replies to Rober. In fact I find it quite annoying when dogmatic, sneery people happen to share my views. But the content of those replies does not change the content of Rober's videos, nor does it change the content of the video showing FSD passing the test.

> Let's get back to my main point, that Tesla's not having Lidar is stupid and I don't trust a self-driving car that can't adequately detect solid objects in it's environment

In the video I linked to, the self-driving car did adequately detect solid objects in its environment. My main point is that your main point is based on a video that used non-self driving software engaged seconds before collision, edited and published to make people think it was FSD engaged much farther back from a standstill. And at least one other test (the water test) didn't even use autopilot, just manual driving. I don't know why Rober did that, but he did, and it tanks his credibility.

Again, I'm not arguing against lidar. I already said that lidar would probably improve safety. But Rober's video does not show that, as he didn't use Tesla's FSD software. The person who did showed that it stopped successfully.

In a world where lidar greatly improves safety, we would see the latest version of FSD go through the Wile E. Coyote barrier. That didn't happen, so we probably don't live in that world. In a world where lidar improves safety, though not as much, we'd see FSD stop successfully. And in a world where lidar doesn't improve safety (weird I know, but there could be issues with sensor fusion or lidar training data), we'd also see FSD stop successfully. Right now we don't know which of those worlds we live in. And we won't know until someone (probably Tesla) launches a vision-only robo taxi service. Then we can compare accident rates to get an idea of how much lidar improves safety. And if Tesla doesn't have a robo taxi service within the next year, that indicates that cameras alone aren't safe enough to run a robo taxi service.

by ggreer

3/27/2025 at 12:32:21 AM

Points well taken. My personal preference is to not ride in a self-driving car that relies on visual cues only. To each his or her own. I predict that some trusting individuals will have to die before Musk decides to add Lidar or similar.

I followed Mark Rober on X to learn more about him and possibly understand more about his Tesla tests. Maybe he's a Musk/Tesla hater like Thunderf00t, I don't know. (yes, I'm on X - for entertainment purposes only)

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 6:45:55 AM

Visual only FSD is a dead end.

by UltraSane

3/27/2025 at 5:37:38 AM

Videos on YouTube are also not a reliable source. But your demand for rigor seems rather isolated.

by renewiltord

3/27/2025 at 9:06:23 AM

Other entertainment sites don't claim to be the source of all truth like Elon Musk does of X and Grok. Just 4 hours ago he posted what he said on Rogan.

"Grok is aspirationally a maximally truth-seeking ai, even if that truth is like politically incorrect”

Meanwhile, he deletes your account if you offend him

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 10:22:01 AM

> Meanwhile, he deletes your account if you offend him

Willing to bet this is not true.

by concordDance

3/27/2025 at 4:12:49 PM

I asked Grok to "please give me a list of X accounts Elon Musk has suspended because he did not like their content"

The result is too long to post here but here's a sample

"Chad Loder - Suspended November 2022. A left-wing activist identifying January 6 participants, Loder was banned after Musk reportedly pressured X’s trust and safety head, per Bloomberg. The content—exposing far-right figures Musk has since aligned with—may have clashed with his views, though no public Musk comment confirms this."

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 6:51:39 AM

A wall painted to look like a road would likely cause human accidents and the painter would be very much criminally liable for them.

That said, I do think using only visual cues is a stupid self-imposed restriction. We shouldn't be making self-driving cars like humans, because humans suck horse testicles at driving.

by Ferret7446

3/27/2025 at 9:13:47 AM

The painted wall was just a gimmick to make the video entertaining. What’s more concerning is the performance in fog, rain and other visually challenging conditions.

by audunw

3/27/2025 at 11:31:14 AM

Reviews of the wall gimmick video also make it clear that the LiDAR car stopped because it detected the water, not the wall. And there are tons of videos of LiDAR cars coming to a complete stop in traffic because of steam from a manhole or light water spraying just off the side of the road. Also don’t get me started on the manufacturer of the lidar car being mark’s close friend, and had previously given mark millions of dollars for another project he did

by whamlastxmas

3/27/2025 at 10:23:12 AM

I think the correct response for FSD would have been to stop in the situations presented in the video. That wasn't anything like normal fog, rain, or light obstruction. The situations they created were so extreme you simply couldn't operate a vehicle safely. That being said, the effectiveness and precision of lidar should be a legal requirement for autonomous vehicles.

by x187463

3/27/2025 at 1:17:55 PM

> That wasn't anything like normal fog, rain, or light obstruction

It does happen on occasion. Seasonally, sublimating snow banks can create fog that intense for hours if conditions are right. Also heavy smoke can create similar conditions.

by teeray

3/27/2025 at 2:07:17 PM

In addition, humans have a lot of senses. Not just 5 - but dozens. A lot of them working in the background, subconsciously. It’s why I can feel someone staring at me, even if I never explicitly saw them.

by consteval

3/27/2025 at 8:05:35 AM

> because humans suck horse testicles at driving.

Hardly. We drive hundreds of billions of miles every month and trillions every year. In the US alone. You're more likely to die from each of the flu, diabetes or a stroke than a car accident.

If those don't get you, you are either going to get heart disease or cancer, or most likely, involve yourself in a fatal accident; which, will most likely be a fall of a roof or a ladder.

by timewizard

3/27/2025 at 10:47:11 AM

Worldwide stats from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffi...:

> Approximately 1.19 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes.

> Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years.

Falls from a ladder/roof do not come close to that as far as I've been able to find. They'd be a subset of falls from a height, which is a small subset of unintentional falls/slips, which is still globally under road accident deaths.

It's true that diabetes, strokes, heart disease, flu, etc. do cause more deaths, but we're really into the absolute biggest causes of death here. Killing fewer than strokes is the lowest of low bars.

I think there's also the argument to be made in terms of years of life lost/saved. If you prevent a road accident fatality, chances are that person will go on to live many more healthy years/decades. If you prevent a death by stroke, flu, or even an at-home fall, there is a greater chance that person is already in poor health (to have potentially died from that cause) and may only be gaining a few extra months.

by Ukv

3/27/2025 at 1:27:20 PM

Initially, I was enthusiastic about FSD because it really would have a positive social impact like curing malaria if it worked.

But, like curing a dread disease, it's often a long, difficult grind and not something that will for sure work by the end of this year for the last 10 years. No pharma company would get away with that hype.

by Zigurd

3/27/2025 at 7:27:15 PM

> Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5–29 years.

That's not telling you what you think it is. A lot of those deaths are that person in a car on their own. Usually involving drugs or alcohol. It intentionally folds in "deaths caused by others" and "death caused by self" into the same category. It's not an appropriate statistic to base policy on.

> If you prevent a road accident fatality, chances are that person will go on to live many more healthy years/decades.

Chances are that person is going to kill themselves in a vehicle again later as you have failed to examine MODE of accident. Your analysis is entirely wrong.

by timewizard

3/27/2025 at 11:51:01 PM

> That's not telling you what you think it is. A lot of those deaths are that person in a car on their own. [...]

Sure - going off of NHTSA figures it looks around 35%. There's also a lot of car passenger deaths (~15%), pedestrian deaths (~20%), and deaths of car drivers with passengers (~15%).

Not entirely sure the point of breaking it out like this, though. These are all still deaths that self-driving cars could in theory prevent, and so all seem appropriate to consider and base policy on.

> Chances are that person is going to kill themselves in a vehicle again later [...]

Unsafe drivers (under the influence, distracted, etc.) are disproportionately represented in fatalities, but that neither means most road accident fatalities are unsafe drivers nor that most unsafe drivers will have a fatal car crash. As far as I can tell, even a driver using amphetamines (increasing risk of a fatal crash 5X) still isn't more likely than not to die in a car crash (a very high bar).

Further, if the way the initial fatal crash was prevented was by prevalence of safe autonomous vehicles, the future crashes would also be similarly mitigated.

by Ukv

3/27/2025 at 9:27:08 AM

"1000C is not that hot, the Sun is hotter!"

If you have to reach that hard to make your point, it's not a great point.

Adding to the sibling's statistic of 40k deaths a year:

> Motor vehicle crashes were the leading cause of death for children and adolescents, representing 20% of all deaths.

(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6637963/)

by Mawr

3/27/2025 at 8:24:03 AM

Is 40,000 deaths every year a lot?

IMHO it kinda is. It's 13x as many people as died in 9/11

by michaelt

3/27/2025 at 9:35:41 AM

> Is 40,000 deaths every year a lot?

No. It's 1.25 per 10,000 per capita. Most people understand the risk ahead of time and yet still choose to drive. They clearly don't think it is.

> It's 13x as many people as died in 9/11

And 50x 9/11 many people die of accidental self inflicted injury. This is an absurd metric.

by timewizard

3/27/2025 at 10:35:36 AM

The US car fatalities per mile is double than the UK. It would at least be useful to ask why that might be. That's 40,000 people a year who have their lives cut short.

by Peanuts99

3/27/2025 at 7:33:06 PM

The UK is far more serious about impaired and drunk driving than the US is.

The majority of those people who had their lives cut short cut it short themselves and didn't take anyone with them.

Likewise, that 40k includes 6k pedestrians and 6k motorcyclists.

You can't just take the 40,000 figure and do _anything_ with it because there are so many peculiar modes of accidents which /dominate/ that data set.

by timewizard

3/27/2025 at 11:59:32 AM

It's street design. If you prioritize car throughput at any cost, even safety, then your streets will be less safe.

by Qwertious

3/27/2025 at 2:10:05 PM

> yet still choose to drive

Obligatory “almost nobody in the US chooses to drive” comment.

Driving in the US is a lifeline. It’s closer to food and shelter than a product or action. Remaining economically afloat in the US without a car is extraordinarily difficult. Many people, especially poor people, would much rather lose their job or health insurance than their car.

by consteval

3/27/2025 at 10:09:22 AM

Is 40,000 deaths every year a lot?

The only meaningful way to say is to compare it to other countries. Pr vehicle mile it is a lot more than many Western European countries and Canada, and a lot less than Mexico.

by dagw

3/26/2025 at 9:51:50 PM

To be fair, I'm sure there's a few humans that would crash into a giant painted road in the middle of a straight road in the middle of nowhere. Humans crash due to less.

by KoolKat23

3/26/2025 at 9:57:46 PM

Well, I wouldn't and neither would a Waymo, but a Tesla did, which means it's no better than a bad human driver

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 6:19:30 AM

I think I might, and I'm surprised by how confident you are that you wouldn't.

by saurik

3/27/2025 at 9:30:09 AM

If you watch the video, it would be blatantly obvious to any human that it is just a big poster across the road, completely fake. No human would fall for that but tesla does.

by jjav

3/27/2025 at 6:40:47 AM

> I wouldn't

Of course, that's why traffic accidents are called 'accidents.' Drivers wouldn't crash their cars, but they do.

¯\_(ツ)_/¯

by zeroday28

3/27/2025 at 9:49:37 AM

To be more fair, some humans will drive into rivers if the gps map tells them to. =\

by ourmandave

3/27/2025 at 6:45:04 AM

It is truly astonishing how much Musk hypes up the robotaxi when no Tesla has ever driving a single mile autonomously while Tesla was liable for crashing.

by UltraSane

3/28/2025 at 11:37:43 PM

My conclusion: If Tesla drivers are comfortable with vision-only FSD, that’s fine — it’s their responsibility to supervise and intervene. But when Tesla wants to deploy a fully autonomous robotaxi with no human oversight, it should be subject to higher safety requirements, including an independent redundant sensing system like LiDAR. Passengers shouldn’t be responsible for supervising their own taxi ride.

by labrador

3/27/2025 at 5:33:03 AM

> That said I will never trust my life to a Tesla robotaxi that uses visual cues only and will drive into a wall painted to look like the road ahead

If you can visually detect the painted wall, what makes you think that cameras on a Tesla can't be developed to do the same?

And are deliberately deceptive road features actually a common enough concern?

by jksflkjl3jk3

3/27/2025 at 5:59:47 AM

How about fog and rain?

by aoeusnth1

3/26/2025 at 9:19:38 PM

Waymos choose the routes, right?

The issue with self-driving is (1) how it generalises across novel environments without "highly-available route data" and provider-chosen routes; (2) how failures are correlated across machines.

In safe driving failures are uncorrelated and safety procedures generalise. We do not yet know if, say, using self-driving very widely will lead to conditions in which "in a few incidents" more people are killed in those incidents than were ever hypothetically saved.

Here, without any confidence intervals, we're told we've saved ~70 airbag incidents in 20 mil miles. A bad update to the fleet will easily eclipse that impact.

by mjburgess

3/26/2025 at 9:33:51 PM

> The issue with self-driving is (1) how it generalises across novel environments

That's also an issue with humans though. I'd argue that traffic usually appears to flow because most of the drivers have taken a specific route daily for ages - i.e., they are not in a novel environment.

When someone drives a route for the first time, they'll be confused, do last-minute lane changes, slow down to try to make a turn, slow down more than others because because they're not 100% clear where they're supposed to go, might line up for and almost do illegal turns, might try to park in impossible places, etc.

Even when someone has driven a route a handful of times they won't know and be ready for the problem spots and where people might surprise they, they'll just know the overall direction.

(And when it is finally carved in their bones to the point where they're placing themselves perfectly in traffic according to the traffic flow and anticipating all the usual choke points and hazards, they'll get lenient.)

by arghwhat

3/26/2025 at 9:40:26 PM

People have eyes, ears, a voice, hands, etc.

You've a very narrow definition of novel, which is based soley on incidental features of the environment.

For animals, a novel situation is one in which their learnt skills to adapt to the environment fail, and have to acquire new skills. In this sense, drivers are rarely in novel environments.

For statistical systems, novelty can be much more narrowly defined as simply the case where sensory data fails a similar-distribution test with historical data --- this is vastly more common, since the "statistical profile of historical cases, as measured, in data" is narrow.. whilst the "situations skills apply to" is wide.

An example definition of narrow/wide, here: the amount of situations needed to acquire safety in the class of similar environments is exponential for narrow systems, and sublinear for wide ones. ie., A person can adapt a skill in a single scenario, whereas a statistical system will require exponentially more data in the measures of that class of novel scenarios.

by mjburgess

3/27/2025 at 7:08:22 AM

I have a very wide definition of novel - any exact environment you have not yet traversed. First time taking that right turn? Novel route.

Out eyes, ears, voice and hands are quite useless when operated consciously.

by arghwhat

3/27/2025 at 7:33:28 AM

I travel and drive in a lot of new places and even the novelty of novelty wears off.

At some point you’ll see a car careen into the side of the curb across three lanes due to slick and you’ll be like ehhh I’ll just cut through with this route and move on about your day.

After driving for 20 years, about the only time I got scared in a novel situation was when I was far from cell service next to a cliff and sliding a mountain fast in deep mud running street tires due to unexpected downpour in southern Utah. I didn’t necessarily know what to do but I could reason it out.

I don’t really find “using a new route” difficult at all. If I miss my exit, I’m just going to keep driving and find a U-turn — no point to stress over it.

by harrall

3/27/2025 at 9:42:53 AM

Remember that what matters is the general driving populace, and there will always be people who drive better and who drive worse.

Also, a very significant portion of drivers overestimate their driving skills, in particular older drivers. Having only been scared once in 20 years would likely make someone lenient and dull their senses as nothing requiring notable effort or attention ever seems to happen to them.

by arghwhat

3/26/2025 at 9:33:58 PM

Generalizing across novel environments is optimal, but I'm not sure the bar needs to be that high to unlock a huge amount of value.

We're probably well past the point where removing all human-driven vehicles (besides bikes) from city streets and replacing them with self-driving vehicles would be a net benefit for safety, congestion, vehicle utilization, road space, and hours saved commuting, such that we could probably rip up a bunch of streets and turn them into parks or housing and still have everyone get to their destinations faster and safer.

The future's here, even if it still has room for improvement.

by npunt

3/26/2025 at 9:44:22 PM

>congestion

I'd think congestion would go up as AVs become more popular, with average occupancy rates per vehicle going down. Since some of the time the vehicle will be driving without any passengers inside. Especially with personally owned AVs. Think of sending a no-human-passenger car to pick up the dog at the vets office. Or a car circling the neighborhood when it is inconvenient to park (parking lot full, expensive, whatever).

by floxy

3/26/2025 at 9:53:00 PM

Up to 30% of cars on city streets at any given time are looking for parking [1].

Cars are also the least utilized asset class, being parked 95% of the time [2].

AVs, by virtue of being able to coordinate fleet-wide and ability to park anywhere rather than only one's home or destination, would be able to gain incredible efficiencies relative to status quo.

Atop those efficiencies, removing both the constraint of having a driver and the constraint of excessive safety systems to make up for human inattentiveness means AVs can get drastically smaller as vehicles, further improving road utilization (imagine lots of 1- and 2-seaters zipping by). And roads themselves can become narrower because there is less room for error with AVs instead of humans.

Finally, traffic lights coordinating with fleets would further reduce time to destination (hurry up and finish).

Self-driving vehicles give us the opportunity to rethink almost all of our physical infrastructure and create way more human-friendly cities.

[1] http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/PrefaceHighCostFreeParking.pdf

[2] https://senseable.mit.edu/unparking/

by npunt

3/26/2025 at 10:58:46 PM

> AVs, by virtue of being able to coordinate fleet-wide and ability to park anywhere rather than only one's home or destination, would be able to gain incredible efficiencies relative to status quo.

> Atop those efficiencies, removing both the constraint of having a driver and the constraint of excessive safety systems to make up for human inattentiveness means AVs can get drastically smaller as vehicles, further improving road utilization (imagine lots of 1- and 2-seaters zipping by). And roads themselves can become narrower because there is less room for error with AVs instead of humans.

The first part is mostly describing taxis, so the incredible efficiencies relative to the status quo can be loosely observed through them. Just subtract out wage and a slight "technological scale" bonus, and you can estimate what it would be. Then add in the expected investor returns for being a technology company and see the improvements disappear.

The second part, I wonder. Cars already average under 2 occupants, with most just being the driver. If this is what is was needed for significantly smaller cars, we would already have them. Lack of smaller cars is mostly a cultural issue, not a technical one.

by xboxnolifes

3/27/2025 at 10:10:15 AM

> Lack of smaller cars is mostly a cultural issue, not a technical one.

And an economic/tax policy issue. Some increases in size are due to legally mandated safety features, while even more of the increased adoption of SUVs in the US is indirectly due to the CAFE standards.

by jcgl

3/27/2025 at 12:48:56 AM

¯\_(ツ)_/¯ I'd like to think there's more efficiency to be gained when the scale is city-wide rather than a small subset of demand being attended to reactively.

Ideally this would be a municipal fleet and transportation just another utility like water, electrical, and broadband. Admittedly this would require strong political power and vision, as anything that remakes physical infrastructure does.

Agree small cars are a cultural/identity issue tho usually a rather rational one as well, given safety vis-a-vis 7000lb SUVs. However, I don't think people's aversions to spend $20k+ on a city-only vehicle has any bearing on whether they would be willing to be being taken places in one when its the most convenient/safest/fastest way to get places. A city-wide transportation utility obviates most of the need/desire for individual car ownership.

To put it in tech biz terms, everything in tech is bundling or unbundling. Ownership of cars is the unbundled version of transport, and took over due to convenience and creature comforts. Now a new tech has come out that swings the pendulum toward bundled being more convenient & optimal.

by npunt

3/27/2025 at 9:41:28 AM

> A city-wide transportation utility obviates most of the need/desire for individual car ownership.

chuckles Yes, yes it does...

by Mawr

3/27/2025 at 4:13:45 AM

Why are we using self-driving vehicles as a panacea for historical underinvestment in public transport?

Not saying that they wouldn't play a role in a functional public transport system, they'd be invaluable for the last two miles from your station to your destination.

But while our people transporting systems prioritise roads and cars, we will never have the high quality and safe public transport that high quality of life cities thrive on.

(And while I write this from NZ, with only limited experiences of LA and SF, we copied America, we went for sprawl and freeways, and it's strangling our largest city.)

I know and spend time with people who live in Berlin, Munich and Hamburg, that don't own a car, because they don't need to own a car.

They might rent one for a holiday into Italy, or they might use an app like Lime / Bird etc. to rent very short term a tiny car like a BMW i3 for a big grocery shop.

But because their cities are dense, and mix commercial with residential (e.g., ā bunch of 5 storey apartment buildings with the ground/first floor being commercial, depending on where you are), they can often buy groceries at the local market on foot on their way home from the U-Bahn, or head down to the local Getränkhandel on a bike with a basket or two to buy their beer and bottled water.

Centralising commerce away from residential, especially with big box shopping areas, is predicated on car culture, and bakes in the need for cars.

TL;DR self-driving vehicles alone are a band-aid over an unsustainable transport culture and strategy.

But they'll form a critical part of a sustainable one.

by EdwardDiego

3/27/2025 at 7:11:19 AM

The reason we need self-driving cars is because we need cars. The reason we need cars is because of the way our cities are structured. The reason our cities are structured the way they are is due to large land availability & zoning laws, leading to massive spread.

Public transit will work for some of the people some of the time. (That is, if it can even be built - highly recommend Ezra Klein's new book Abundance on ways to get out of this).

For the people that public transit won't work for, you need to come up with a new solution if you want to see cars go away: a solution that makes going from A to B some combination of easier, cheaper, faster, more convenient than driving. Or, a solution that brings B closer to A (like changing zoning laws or building cheaper housing in metro areas).

by dlivingston

3/28/2025 at 12:48:22 PM

You missed a critical (last?) step in your reasoning: The reason we have massive spread is because most humans want as much living space as they can possibly acquire and our laws and social norms reflect that.

by bpt3

3/27/2025 at 7:22:39 AM

Hear me out, I've spent years thinking about this :)

Yes, past underinvestment is bad. And yes, initially they are a band-aid, until yes they do become critical.

My excitement for self-driving tech isn't about the short term changes, but just how powerful a technology this is in the longer term. Ultimately this tech is not about cars, it's about the ability to automate the movement of mass. This is novel and meaningful.

An obvious medium-term implication of self-driving is that cities will ban human drivers, because that way cities can ditch a bunch of high-cost infrastructure required because of human fallibility. Up until that point, self-driving would be a band-aid. After that point, the dominoes start to fall.

1. Form factors change: cars become 1-4 person pods, stripped of the unnecessary bulk of excessive safety systems and unused capacity.

2. Ownership changes: municipalities will buy fleets of cheap mass-produced pods to replace extremely capex intensive public transport.

3. What is transported changes: now you have shipping drones dropping off standardized (reusable) packages into standardized intakes. Think The Box [1] but smaller.

4. Infrastructure changes: Roads narrow, parking becomes drop-off spots, larger cafes, actual parks. Cut and cover roads multiply, leaving more space above ground for people. Cities grow 20% without getting bigger, just by obviating the need for half their roads. The blight of various parking signs and warnings to drivers disappear. People can walk about freely or ride their bikes. It's quieter. The air quality improves.

5. Housing changes: Garages transform into rooms. People ditch bulky refrigerators in favor of ordering drone-delivered fresh produce in minutes. Drones deliver upstairs not just at street level. Pods become elevators. We've seen all this in science fiction... guess what the enabling technology is?

If you extend the implications of the automated movement of mass, the logical conclusion is the physical infrastructure of the city will transform to take advantage of every gain that creates. Cities dedicate 25-40%+ of their land mass to roads. In dense urban cores, 20% of their land mass is just parking spots. We can't route people-driven cars underground unless we really really mean it and build a highway. We waste a huge amount of space on transportation. We also shape all of our buildings around the constraints imposed by car-shaped objects and all their various externalities, including noise and air pollution.

My belief is that self-driving is easily the most transformative tech to hit cities since the car, and may exceed the impact that cars have had on the built world.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Box_(Levinson_book)

by npunt

3/27/2025 at 8:46:59 AM

> 2. Ownership changes: municipalities will buy fleets of cheap mass-produced pods to replace extremely capex intensive public transport.

Producing more small things isn't usually more efficient that fewer equivalent large things. You can't just will some "pods" into existence that are magically cheaper (per person!) than trams, trains and busses. Also, once you have a system running capex and opex aren't that different - replacing a set number of vehicles per year is pretty much the same thing as operating expenses.

> 5. Housing changes: Garages transform into rooms. People ditch bulky refrigerators in favor of ordering drone-delivered fresh produce in minutes. Drones deliver upstairs not just at street level. Pods become elevators. We've seen all this in science fiction... guess what the enabling technology is?

My prediction is that no one will ever be fine with the amount of noise a "drone" (read helicopter) makes, especially as a replacement for the very noise-free and orders of magnitude more efficient elevators we have right now.

by bmicraft

3/28/2025 at 3:33:37 AM

Agree to disagree about economies of scale, but FYI busses are ~$500k and seat ~40, meaning ~$12.5k/person. There are a dozen manufacturers of electric 2 seaters today that can build for a quarter of the cost per person, or half if you assume 1 person occupancy. Yes the area per person is larger (tho not by much), but you can make up for that with increased throughput by way of point-to-point operation without stops, faster speeds, and more.

Focusing on rollout, municipal light rail almost never gets deployed in US-style cities due to huge capex, not opex. Smaller vehicles allow incremental roll-out and can use preexisting road infrastructure. Ergo, that's the form of public transit you're most likely to see grow over the next decades.

Drone here doesn't imply flying, it's about scaling down wheeled vehicles and the coexistence of a wider variety of vehicle sizes on roads that is unlocked by the automated movement of mass. Delivery to higher up floors can be done through small in-building elevators. If you think that's unrealistic, consider that it was once extremely popular to use pneumatic tubes to send mail in buildings. Built infrastructure changes based on what is possible, and mass needs to move.

by npunt

3/27/2025 at 9:43:55 AM

It is interesting that you raised the high cost of free parking. And we are talking about Waymo and San Francisco!

SFMTA article: San Francisco Adopts Demand-Responsive Pricing Program to Make Parking Easier

Ref: https://www.sfmta.com/blog/san-francisco-adopts-demand-respo...

Some nice analyses of the most expensive places to park in SF with demand responsive pricing:

https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/sf-most-expensive-parki...

https://sfstandard.com/2023/10/01/parking-meter-san-francisc...

by throwaway2037

3/27/2025 at 9:38:25 AM

I can't imagine any of that since it relies on >99% of cars being self-driving whereas currently <1% are. Even under the most optimistic estimates, how many decades would it take to get to that? 5? 10?

> Self-driving vehicles give us the opportunity to rethink almost all of our physical infrastructure and create way more human-friendly cities.

Ok, that's just giving me a stroke. We already have that. It's called public transport, walkability, bikeability. These have the upside of being extremely well understood and use technology that's available today. We could start seeing benefits within a few years, not decades.

Even in your dream scenario, 50 or so years from now, cars would still have a lot of the same downsides they have today of using way too much space and causing way too much pollution per person for the utility they provide.

by Mawr

3/28/2025 at 2:46:02 AM

I live carless in NYC and primarily use a mix of public transit and cycling. That being said, infrastructure costs so excruciatingly much in the US that it would cost tens or hundreds of Waymos (company, not individual car) to replicate an NYC subway-tier system in most American metropolitan areas.

Forcing people to take public transit that is any worse than NYC subway will definitely and rightfully lose an election for that party. Building such a system at modern American construction costs will also lose an election. What is left to do but embrace autonomous driving as the first step toward retrofitting American cities to be slightly more people friendly?

Besides, this is the decadent west, we can afford for people to use more resources for more comfort. Even the well off in china have embraced cars as mobile living rooms.

by rangestransform

3/27/2025 at 10:27:47 PM

> I can't imagine any of that since it relies on >99% of cars being self-driving whereas currently <1% are

Technology famously has a linear adoption curve, and convenience is famously not something that drives adoption /s

> We already have that. It's called public transport, walkability, bikeability.

Do we have that though? In the US, mostly not. So what's the path? Hoping that sprawled out cities somehow magically get the political will to build $billions in light rail? What do you think is the path of least resistance to these goal states?

> Even in your dream scenario, 50 or so years from now, cars would still have a lot of the same downsides they have today of using way too much space and causing way too much pollution per person for the utility they provide.

Read other comments, don't get stuck on the notion of 'cars' as-is.

by npunt

3/27/2025 at 3:27:31 AM

Every city street would have 4 lanes without the need for free car storage. Maybe make one of them a bike lane or widen the sidewalks and have 3 lanes for 30% more capacity. Also, traffic engineering could be optimized to a much greater extent since you wouldn't have to worry about all the affordances which keep humans from getting confused, keep them from getting aggressive, keep them from speeding, etc. Also, most congestion is caused by drivers causing turbulence by switching lanes, stopping each other from switching lanes, getting in the wrong lane, etc. A city of only AVs would probably flow much more smoothly.

by woah

3/26/2025 at 9:37:59 PM

I don't agree with this novel environment argument about routes. As a human, there are a limited number of roads that I have driven on. A taxi driver drives better than me because none of the routes are considered novel: the taxi driver has likely driven on every road in a city in his/her career. The self-driving machine has most definitely driven on every single road in the city, perhaps first as testing with human backup, then testing with no passengers, and finally passenger revenue miles.

by kccqzy

3/26/2025 at 9:45:24 PM

I think you underestimate how many novelties the car will encounter on existing routes and how adept these cars are at navigating novel routes.

I imagine this route data is an extra extra safeguard which allows them to quantify/measure the risk to an extent and also speed up journey's/reduce level of interventions.

by KoolKat23

3/26/2025 at 9:24:19 PM

I wonder if you can decrease the impact of (2) with a policy of phased rollout for updates. I.E. you never update the whole fleet simultaneously; you update a small percentage first and confirm no significant anomalies are observed before distributing the update more widely.

by jrussino

3/26/2025 at 9:28:17 PM

Ideally you'd selectively enable the updated policy on unoccupied trips on the way to pick someone up, or returning after a drop-off, such that errors (and resultant crashes) can be caught when the car is not occupied.

by timschmidt

3/26/2025 at 9:31:45 PM

Presumably management would also be highly regional. Functionality in san francisco doesn't imply anything about functionality in oakland, etc.

by nukem222

3/26/2025 at 9:36:26 PM

One measure of robustness could be something like: the ability to resist correlation of failure states under environmental/internal shift. Danger: that under relevant time horizons the integral of injury-to-things-we-care-about is low. And then "safety", a combination: that the system resists correlating failure states in order to preserve a low expected value of injury.

The problem with machines-following-rules is that they're trivially susceptible to violations of this kind of safety. No doubt there are mitigations and strategies for minimising risk, but its not avoidable.

The danger in our risk assessment of machine systems is that we test them under non-adversarial conditions, and observe safety --- because they can quickly cause more injury than they have ever helped.

This is why we worry, of course, about "fluoride in the water" (, vaccines, etc.) and other such population-wide systems... this is the same sitation. A mass public health programme has the same risk profile.

by mjburgess

3/27/2025 at 8:08:40 AM

You would save more lives by harshly punishing drunk or influenced driving; however, most of the lives you save would be that of the drinker or the abuser.

You would save more lives by outlawing motorcycles; however, it would just be the motorcyclists themselves.

Another thing people don't consider is that not all seats in a vehicle are equally safe. The drivers seat is the safest. Front passenger is less safe but still often twice as safe as sitting in the backseat. If you believe picking up your elderly parents and then escorting them in your backseat is safer than them driving alone you might be wrong. This is a fatality mode you easily recognize in the FARS data. Where do most people in a robotaxi sit?

Your biggest clear win would be building better pedestrian infrastructure and improving roadway lighting to reduce pedestrian deaths.

by timewizard

3/27/2025 at 2:27:05 PM

> Front passenger is less safe but still often twice as safe as sitting in the backseat

Is there a good source for this? I was always under the impression that it was the exact opposite….

by BalinKing

3/27/2025 at 7:40:21 PM

We've been improving front seat safety systems for years while not adding much in the back seat. The result is obvious in the fatalities data and many institutions have involved themselves in this problem. Here's one:

https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/new-crash-test-spotlights-l...

There are _so many_ bad assumptions about vehicle safety it honestly drives me nuts. Especially on Hacker News. The data is available from NHTSA in a database called FARS. I encourage everyone to go look through the data. You almost certainly believe several wrong things about driving and fatalities.

I think Elon Musk is exceptionally irresponsible for using these statistics in a flatly dishonest and misleading way. He wants to sell vehicles not truly educate you about safety. People should double check.

by timewizard

3/28/2025 at 1:48:22 AM

This is a really good link. Will definitely refer to this when making a car purchase in the future. Thanks!

It seems like Volvo's reputation as one of the safest car is still well deserved after all. I don't own a Volvo--too expensive for me, but good to know.

by yolovoe

3/26/2025 at 9:46:31 PM

> In safe driving failures are uncorrelated and safety procedures generalise. We do not yet know if, say, using self-driving very widely will lead to conditions in which "in a few incidents" more people are killed in those incidents than were ever hypothetically saved.

Can you provide some examples of what you mean?

by ogogmad

3/27/2025 at 5:28:07 AM

Volcanic eruption filling the atmosphere with ash. Acts of war or terrorism. Could be physical or cyberattack.

by im3w1l

3/27/2025 at 12:09:46 PM

The only way for this to cause tens of thousands of death by self-driving alone is for people to suddenly need to drive the cars themselves, and not being able to do it well. Unless I'm missing something.

by ogogmad

3/27/2025 at 4:55:34 PM

The system could go haywire and crash in such unexpected circumstances. They might also not. It's hard to know how they will behave.

by im3w1l

3/27/2025 at 12:12:44 AM

I usually think about it in the other direction: every time an accident occurs, a human learns something novel (even if it be a newfound appreciation of their own mortality) that can't be directly transmitted to other humans. Our ability to take collective driving wisdom and dump it into the mind of every learner's-permit-holder is woefully inadequate.

In contrast, every time a flaw is discovered in a self-driving algorithm, the whole fleet of vehicles is one over-the-air update away from getting safer.

by shadowgovt

3/27/2025 at 5:21:31 AM

And it goes the other way too, one crappy update means complete chaos.

by codr7

3/27/2025 at 3:01:05 PM

There is already industry best-practice, in and out of self-driving cars, to avoid doing that.

by shadowgovt

3/27/2025 at 5:38:01 PM

Hey, I've written software for a living for 26 years.

No best practice in the world is going to stop people from making mistakes.

by codr7

3/26/2025 at 9:48:21 PM

I can imagine whole city areas well known closed to manual drivers.

Sure I would love to read a book while car is driving me to visit family in the countryside but practically I need city transportation to work and back, to supermarkets and back where I don’t have to align to a bus schedule and have 2-3 step overs but plan my trip 30 min in advance and have direct pick up and drop off.

If that would be possible then I see value in not owning a car.

by ozim

3/26/2025 at 9:25:59 PM

Does waymo also choose the times of driving, and conditions? Or do they always drive, even at night and in heavy rain?

by seper8

3/26/2025 at 9:38:41 PM

I was waiting for a Waymo in Austin during the weekend storm and the Waymo suddenly cancelled on us right after a power outage that lasted a second or two. According to local news the vehicles had stopped and were blocking traffic.

https://www.msn.com/en-us/technology/tech-companies/waymo-ve...

by a2128

3/26/2025 at 9:33:08 PM

Correctly estimating capability is pretty safety positive.

Meaning, humans choosing to drive in more difficult conditions probably means they sometimes drive in conditions that they shouldn't.

by maxerickson

3/26/2025 at 10:26:00 PM

This is good to know, but we should note that humans choose also.

by qgin

3/26/2025 at 9:23:19 PM

> The issue with self-driving is (1) how it generalises across novel environments without "highly-available route data" and provider-chosen routes; (2) how failures are correlated across machines.

Why is (1) an issue? Route data never gets worse.

by thaumasiotes

3/26/2025 at 9:26:15 PM

Consider London: a series of randomly moving construction sites connected by patches of city.

Waymo, as far as I recall, relies on pretty active route mapping and data sharing -- ie., the cars arent "driving themselves" in the sense of discovering the environment as a self-driving system would.

by mjburgess

3/26/2025 at 9:44:47 PM

Waymo's map data is a prior, not an authoritative reference to the world. The cars report update when the map data is wrong, and a lot of what they use it for (e.g. traffic light identification, fine localization) degrades gracefully when there's new information in the environment.

by AlotOfReading

3/26/2025 at 9:35:48 PM

Huh? All the Waymo cars in Austin have lots of LIDAR spinny bits and are driving around all the active construction zones downtown and near campus.

I'm pretty sure that counts as "discovering the environment".

by bsder

3/26/2025 at 9:45:50 PM

Sure, my understanding is that they collectively share data, and this is combined with central mapping.

On net, yes, they are sensitive to features of the environment and via central coordination maintain a safe map of it.

The mechanism there heavily relies on this background of sharing, mapping, and route planning (and the like) -- which impacts on the ability of these cars to operate across all driving environments.

by mjburgess

3/26/2025 at 9:25:51 PM

> Route data never gets worse.

Construction? Parade? Giant tire-crunching pothole in the middle of the freeway?

by ceejayoz

3/26/2025 at 9:35:36 PM

Oddly enough Waymo does a solid job of avoiding those.

by virtue3

3/27/2025 at 5:26:31 AM

There was a problem in SF with a Waymo not avoiding a parade. Somebody didn't enter the parade in SF MUNI's list of street closures. Nobody was hurt; it was just embarrassing.

by Animats

3/26/2025 at 9:25:40 PM

Route data gets worse all the time

Any time there is a detour, or a construction zone, or a traffic accident, or a road flooded, or whatever else your route data is not just "worse" it is completely wrong

by bluefirebrand

3/26/2025 at 10:49:42 PM

it's true, but if the scenarios are rare you can treat them as outliers and have the vehicle switch to a "safety mode" or similar. Even human drivers effectively do that (or should!).

by zmmmmm

3/26/2025 at 9:31:42 PM

Yeah but that's the point no???

machine don't make mistake when they are get perfected in certain route, sure human drive would be better in dynamic areas but you dnt need machine to be perfect either just want (80% scenario)

by tonyhart7

3/26/2025 at 9:16:26 PM

> Using human crash data, Waymo estimated that human drivers on the same roads would get into 78 crashes serious enough to trigger an airbag. By comparison, Waymo’s driverless vehicles only got into 13 airbag crashes. That represents an 83 percent reduction in airbag crashes relative to typical human drivers.

> This is slightly worse than last September, when Waymo estimated an 84 percent reduction in airbag crashes over Waymo’s first 21 million miles.

nitpick: Is it really slightly worse, or is it "effectively unchanged" with such sparse numbers? At a glance, the sentence is misleading even though it might be correct on paper. Could've said: "This improvement holds from last September..."

by ikerino

3/26/2025 at 9:25:26 PM

Of course it's not worse, these numbers have huge error bars. Statistically the two statistics are not significantly different. But trying to explain that to most people with no knowledge of statistics is tough.

by barbegal

3/26/2025 at 9:34:54 PM

One would hope that a writer on this subject would have at least a cursory knowledge of statistics

by unreal6

3/26/2025 at 9:33:02 PM

83 vs 84 percent doesn't seem too difficult to present as "essentially the same". I also don't think this matters much—the result is impressive regardless of alleged rate of change.

by nukem222

3/26/2025 at 9:18:32 PM

I wonder how many of those airbag crashes were an At-fault or shared-fault of the Waymo AVs.

by 0_____0

3/26/2025 at 9:22:14 PM

Assuming you trust Waymo's account, the article details them, saying the following:

>So that’s a total of 34 crashes. I don’t want to make categorical statements about these crashes because in most cases I only have Waymo’s side of the story. But it doesn’t seem like Waymo was at fault in any of them.

by MostlyStable

3/26/2025 at 9:56:45 PM

Back when I used to pay attention to this stuff, the vast majority of crashes occurred when the Waymo vehicle was rear-ended while stopped at a traffic light.

by QuercusMax

3/26/2025 at 9:20:20 PM

Considering that there's a >1000:1 ratio of regular cars to Waymo AVs - Waymo would have to be EXTREMELY terrible at driving to move the numbers for the other group meaningfully - which would show up in Waymo's own crash data.

There's also historical data. So if you saw a spike in crashes for regular vehicles after Waymo arrives, it would be sus. But there is no such spike. Further evidence Waymo isn't causing problems for non AVs.

Of course anything is possible. But it's unlikely.

by onlyrealcuzzo

3/26/2025 at 9:27:37 PM

I'm confused by your comment. We shouldn't expect that Waymo accidents should budge overall accidents (which seems to be what you are talking about), but it wouldn't be crazy for Waymo, even if it was much safer overall, to be responsible for some non-trivial amount of all the accidents it has.

For example, imagine that Waymo is (somehow) far far far superhuman in it's ability to avoid other cars doing dumb/bad things. It has a dramatic reduction in overall accidents because it magically can completely get rid of accidents where the other driver is at fault. But, in some very specific circumstances, it can't figure out the proper rate to slow down at intersections, and it consistently rear ends vehicles in front of it. This specific situation is very rare, so overall accidents still are low (much lower than human drivers), but, in our made up, constructed (and extremely non-sensical) hypothetical, nearly 100% of Waymo accidents are Waymos fault.

So I don't think it's ridiculous to ask how many of the accidents Waymo has been involved in are the fault of the Waymo vehicle. It turns out that (assuming Waymo's side of the story is to be trusted), almost none of them are their fault, but it didn't have to be that way, even in the case where Waymo accidents were more rare than human accidents.

by MostlyStable

3/27/2025 at 1:20:18 AM

>For example, imagine that Waymo is (somehow) far far far superhuman in it's ability to avoid other cars doing dumb/bad things. It has a dramatic reduction in overall accidents because it magically can completely get rid of accidents where the other driver is at fault. But, in some very specific circumstances, it can't figure out the proper rate to slow down at intersections, and it consistently rear ends vehicles in front of it. This specific situation is very rare, so overall accidents still are low (much lower than human drivers), but, in our made up, constructed (and extremely non-sensical) hypothetical, nearly 100% of Waymo accidents are Waymos fault.

My understanding is that the reverse is basically what happens in reality. Humans can sense that Waymo cars are "sus" and give them a wide berth so their "lawful to the point of violating the expectations of other drivers" behavior mostly doesn't cause problems, but when it does the other guy pays.

by potato3732842

3/26/2025 at 9:45:47 PM

The number of miles driven seems large, but Gemini says there are thousands of crashes per day in the US- so 78 or 13 crashes is a really small sample size....

by awongh

3/27/2025 at 1:30:30 PM

Is crash the best indicator of success?

I know some really bad drivers that have almost no 'accidents', but have caused/nearly caused many. The cut off others, get confused in traffic and make wrong decisions etc...

Waymos, by media attention at least, have a habit of confusion and other behaviour that is highly undesired (one example going around a roundabout constantly) but that doesn't qualify as a 'crash'.

by hmmm-i-wonder

3/27/2025 at 1:45:12 PM

I expect that the media don't find stories of Waymos successfully moving from point A to B without incident nearly so compelling as those cases where that doesn't happen.

I experience Waymo cars pretty much every time I drive somewhere in San Francisco (somewhat frequent since I live there). Out of hundreds of encounters with cars I can only think of a single instance where I thought, "what is that things doing?!"... And in that case it was a very busy 5 way intersection where most of the human driven cars were themselves violating some rule trying to get around turning vehicles and such. When I need a ride, I can also say I'm only using Waymo unless I going somewhere like the airport where they don't go; my experience in this regard is I feel much more secure in the Waymo than with Lyft or Uber.

by sbuttgereit

3/27/2025 at 2:04:28 PM

If you follow Utilitarian ethics, just ask yourself: how much (negative) utility do you assign to...

* a crash with a fatality

* a crash with an injury

* any crash at all

* a driverless car going around a roundabout constantly

for me, the answer is pretty clear: crashes per distance traveled remains the most important metric.

by perlgeek

3/27/2025 at 3:10:40 PM

This is utterly missing the point of the parent.

Just because this car doesn't crash, that doesn't mean it doesn't cause crashes (with fatalities, injuries, or just property damage), and that's inherently much harder to measure.

You can only develop an effective heuristic function if you are actually taking into account all the meaningful inputs.

by danaris

3/27/2025 at 3:31:19 PM

Of course you are the best kind of correct but to instead advance the whole discussion I think we can agree that there is no trail of carnage in the wake of waymos leaving only them unscathed.

I live in sf. Waymos are far more predictable and less reckless than the meatwagons. They do not cause accidents with their occasionally odd behavior.

And to add another perspective - as a cyclist and pedestrian I put waymos even further ahead. I have had crashes due to misbehavior of cars - specifically poor lane keeping around curves - but waymos just don’t cause those sorts of problems

by vpribish

3/27/2025 at 4:28:12 PM

This is exactly the question I was asking, thanks for your input. I know the highlighted examples of 'bad behaviour' in waymo's are somewhat sensationalized, but its hard to quantify how that translates to impacting other users of the environment. I agree humans are very prone to this sort of bad driving, which was what made me ask the question about waymo to begin with. Specifically things like lane keeping, impacts on cyclists pedestrians etc... things you mention.

Although my brain can't help but see waymo's more as "Meatwagons" than human driven cars, I get your point :)

It would be curious to see relative levels of driver assist and its impacts on things like that outside of crash and injury statistics from crashes, but it would be very hard to measure and quantify.

by hmmm-i-wonder

3/27/2025 at 1:42:38 PM

> Is crash the best indicator of success?

Well, yeah? Or rather, if it's not, then I think the burden of proof is on the person making that argument.

Even taking your complaints at their maximum impact: would you rather be delayed by a thousand confused robots or run over by one certain human?

by ajross

3/27/2025 at 1:59:40 PM

>Even taking your complaints at their maximum impact: would you rather be delayed by a thousand confused robots or run over by one certain human?

Depending on the relative rates and costs of each type of mishap it could go either way. There is a crossover point somewhere.

The fact that you're coming right out the gate with a false dichotomy and appeal to emotion on top tells me that deep down you know this.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 2:11:36 PM

> There is a crossover point somewhere.

I think his point is explicitly that that crossover point is rather high.

And let's not forget that crashes, in addition to their other costs, do cause significant delays themselves.

by mlyle

3/27/2025 at 2:39:52 PM

I suppose the argument is that while the robot itself might not have run over anyone, it might have caused someone else on the road to do it.

So if we're just measuring how many crashes the robot has been involved in, we can't account for how many crashes the robot indirectly caused.

by indiosmo

3/27/2025 at 2:50:26 PM

> I suppose the argument is that while the robot itself might not have run over anyone, it might have caused someone else on the road to do it.

And I repeat, that's a contrived enough scenario that I think you need to come to the table with numbers and evidence if you want to make it. Counting crashes has been The Way Transportation Safety Has Been Done for the better part of a century now and you don't just change methodology midstream because you're afraid of the Robot Overlord in the driver's seat.

Science always has a place at the table. Ludditism does not.

by ajross

3/27/2025 at 3:19:17 PM

I wouldn't say its contrived, but I agree its important to take such questions and back them up with data.

My question is open in that we don't really HAVE data to measure that statement in any meaningful way. The proper response is "that could be valid, we need to find a way to measure it".

Resorting to calling me a luddite because I question whether a metric is really an accurate measure of success (one that I apply to HUMAN drivers as an example first...) really doesn't reflect any sort of scientific approach or method I'm aware of, but feel free to point me to references.

by hmmm-i-wonder

3/29/2025 at 1:57:41 AM

> The proper response is "that could be valid, we need to find a way to measure it".

With all respect, no. You don't treat every possible hypothesis as potentially valid. That's conspiracy logic. Valid ideas are testable ones. If you're not measuring it, then the "proper" response is to keep silent, or propose an actual measurement.

And likewise a proper response is emphatically not to respond to an actual measurement within a commonly accepted paradigm (c.f. the linked headline above) with a response like "well this may not be measuring the right thing so I'm going to ignore it". That is pretty much the definition of ludditism.

by ajross

4/1/2025 at 11:17:51 AM

>You don't treat every possible hypothesis as potentially valid.

Wrong, you consider and reject hypothesis if we're being specific about the scientific method. In this case, this is a testable question that could be measured but from common metrics isn't accurately measured for humans to compare to. There is no valid rejection of the hypothesis without more data.

The utility of the hypothesis and the work required is one of many things considered and another discussion.

But actually considering and discussing them IS the scientific and rational method. Your knee-jerk reactions are the closest thing to ludditism in this whole conversation.

>And likewise a proper response is emphatically not to respond to an actual measurement within a commonly accepted paradigm (c.f. the linked headline above) with a response like "well this may not be measuring the right thing so I'm going to ignore it". That is pretty much the definition of ludditism.

Again wrong. In almost every case the correct first questions are "are we measuring the right thing", again if we are talking about engineering and science, that's always valid and should ALWAYS be considered. I also never said we should IGNORE crashes, I asked if its the BEST metric for success on its own.

And for your third incorrect point

>That is pretty much the definition of ludditism.

Obviously missed my point in every posts, including the one above. Whether "crashes" is the best metric is being applied to humans and technology, there is no anti-technology going on here.

Your emotional reaction to someone questioning something you obviously care about seems to have shut down your logical brain. Take a deep breath and just stop digging.

by hmmm-i-wonder

3/26/2025 at 9:54:59 PM

Worth repeating the same comment I've left on every variant of this article for the last 10 years.

Being better than "average" is a laughably low bar for self-driving cars. Average drivers include people who drive while drunk and on drugs. It includes teenagers and those who otherwise have very little experience on the road. It includes people who are too old to be driving safely. It includes people who are habitually speed and are reckless. It includes cars that are mechanically faulty or otherwise cannot be driven safely. If you compile accident statistics the vast majority will fall into one of these categories.

For self driving to be widely adopted the bare minimum bar needs to be – is it better than the average sensible and experienced driver?

Otherwise if you replace all 80% of the good drivers with waymos and the remaining 20% stay behind the wheel, accident rates are going to go up not down.

by paxys

3/27/2025 at 12:07:14 AM

Waymo (at this time) is an alternative to taxis and ride hailing services. I've lived in SF for 30+ years and used all modes of transit here. Some of my most frightening moments on the road have been in taxis with drivers who are reckless, in badly maintained vehicles, sometimes smelling of booze. There are certainly other ways that taxis could have been improved, but given the way things have evolved (or devolved with taxis), I feel much safer in a Waymo.

Any comparison of Waymo's safety should be done against taxis/Uber/Lyft/etc. A comparison with the general driving public could also be interesting, or other commercial drivers, but those are not the most relevant cohorts. I don't know the numbers, but I wouldn't be surprised if taxis/Uber/Lyft are worse per mile than general drivers since they are likely under more stress, and often work for long hours. A Waymo is no less safe at 4am, but a Lyft driver who's been up all night is a lot less safe. I would also guess that they are less likely than the general (auto) driving population to own their vehicle. Depending on who owns a vehicle, how long they've been driving (years), there's going to be a lot of interesting correlations.

by s1mon

3/26/2025 at 10:55:19 PM

> Being better than "average" is a laughably low bar for self-driving cars. Average drivers include people who drive while drunk and on drugs. It includes teenagers and those who otherwise have very little experience on the road. It includes people who are too old to be driving safely. It includes people who are habitually speed and are reckless... (etc)

But... that's the reality. If we replace human drivers with self-driving cars at random, or specifically the bad drivers above, then we've improved things.

We are not going to easily improve the average human driver.

by D-Coder

3/27/2025 at 4:18:18 AM

>If we replace human drivers with self-driving cars at random

But that's the OPs point, we aren't. Waymo crashing less than human drivers is a tautological result because Waymo is only letting the cars drive on roads where they're confident they can drive as well as humans to begin with.

If you actually ran the (very unethical) experiment of replacing a million people at random on random streets tomorrow with waymo cars you're going to cause some carnage, they only operate in parts of four American cities.

by Barrin92

3/27/2025 at 7:36:36 AM

I think if you swap a million humans into other humans at random you're going to get some road carnage as well, to be fair. If someone suddenly puts me on some icy road in Minnesota I'm gonna have a bad time.

by danielbln

3/26/2025 at 9:58:03 PM

Why wouldn't alcoholics and the elderly be early adopters of self-driving vehicles. Or what can we do to encourage them to be early adopters? You get a DUI, and you are forced to pay for FSD? Get a reduce rate on booze taxes if you "drive" an AV? Have to take a driving test every 2 years after you turn 75, unless you have an AV?

by floxy

3/26/2025 at 9:59:58 PM

"XYZ demographic should be forced to use self driving cars" is a fantasy that the tech crowd continues to believe but will never happen. Everyone is able to drive and will continue to be able to drive. In fact you should assume that the worse someone is at driving the more likely they are to want to drive for themselves, because that's how the world usually works.

by paxys

3/27/2025 at 1:24:15 AM

I think it's the inverse. The people who are left lane camping in their Fiat 500 because the right lane has merging and that's scary will be the early adopters. The people who really "get it" will keep driving themselves because they can do better.

This is basically the same adoption path as every other labor saving tech.

by potato3732842

3/26/2025 at 10:04:40 PM

Even in self-driving, Telsa's behavior proves there is a market for cars that are programmed to speed and roll through stop signs. Waymos are safer than the average human, but the average human also intentionally chooses a strategy that trades risk for speed. Indeed, Waymo trips on average take about 2x as long as Ubers: https://futurism.com/the-byte/waymo-expensive-slower-taxis

What happens if an upstart self-driving competitor promises human-level ETAs? Is a speeding Waymo safer than a speeding human?

by aithrowawaycomm

3/27/2025 at 7:13:29 AM

I can imagine that wide adoption of AVs could increase the speed limits (at least for them if not all vehicles). Also I believe that high saturation of AVs will finally shorten ETAs naturally as stable, predictable driving without cutting in, forcing others to stop suddenly etc. reduces traffic jams. (Can't find the study that opened my eyes on that right now).

by ArekDymalski

3/26/2025 at 10:06:04 PM

Over the next decade or two, insurance will solve a chunk of this problem (it'll be way more expensive to drive yourself), regulations will solve another chunk, but the biggest thing that will solve it: we're lazy.

We might drive every now and then, but come on, do you really think once this is ubiquitous and you can get in a (or your) car and then play a video game, take a nap, text on your phone, or doomscroll, that we're still going to want to drive all the time?

Nah.

by senordevnyc

3/27/2025 at 1:22:40 AM

Accident statistics are not dominated by drunks or anything else.

They're dominated by normal drivers who had a momentary lapse in judgment or attention. This is why running a police state that goes hard on DUI and vehicle inspections doesn't make the roads as much safer as its proponents would leave you to believe.

by potato3732842

3/27/2025 at 8:59:29 AM

You say that and yet many places have an order of magnitude less car "accidents" per population than the US currently.

by bmicraft

3/27/2025 at 10:01:37 AM

>You say that and yet many places have an order of magnitude less car "accidents" per population than the US currently.

Nice Freudian slip there.

Rich western europe has less car accidents because they, broadly speaking, don't let poor people drive and work harder to cultivate a law abiding populace.

by potato3732842

3/29/2025 at 2:14:39 AM

I don't understand, what are you calling a Freudian slip here? I put accident in quotes because it's generally understood nowadays that the term isn't quite the correct one.

If a collision occurs because of bad road/intersection design then it wasn't all that accidental after all - it was a statistical inevitability.

See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_collision#Criticism_of...

by bmicraft

3/27/2025 at 1:06:05 PM

They also have way less roads, America has 4.1 million miles of roads and the avg European country has something like 80,000.

American's have to drive and they have to drive further.

by pnutjam

3/29/2025 at 2:07:48 AM

Absolute numbers don't mean anything at all. Compare distance driven per person to arrive at something meaningful.

by bmicraft

3/27/2025 at 12:58:04 AM

Great points. My own "have to say this every time" is that Waymo only operates within the boundaries of a few cities. Most people's experience of self-driving cars is not with Waymo. It's with vastly inferior technologies, most especially Tesla's. Waymo might be great, but I get really tired of fans dismissing others' misgivings as some sort of Luddite thing when it's entirely justified by experiences people have had where they live. If people want to say that autonomous vehicles are already better, they need to stop sneering long enough to show how that works at a freeway interchange with multiple high-speed merges and lane drops back to back, at a grocery store parking lot when it's busiest, near any suburban school at pickup time. Without that data, "safer than humans" is mere cherry picking.

by notacoward

3/26/2025 at 9:59:37 PM

There’s no statistics for how much a sensible and experienced driver crashes.

Sorting people by past behavior runs into survivorship bias when looking back and people who stop being sensible going forward. I’m personally a poor driver, but I don’t drive much so my statistics still look good.

by Retric

3/26/2025 at 10:17:35 PM

There’s _no_ statistics? Surely those statistics are precisely what all car insurance premiums are based upon. They might be proprietary but I am certain such statistics exist.

by IneffablePigeon

3/27/2025 at 4:15:01 AM

The best bucket insurance companies can use is based on age, car choices, and past behavior etc. Yet, a percentage of such people still end up in deadly accidents because they drove drunk, or while looking at their phones and such.

Insurance companies can’t know your future behavior so must hedge for a percentage of future idiots being in any bucket. On the flip side some people in the multiple DUI bucket end up driving sensibly over the next 6 months.

by Retric

3/26/2025 at 9:56:06 PM

What kind of dataset do we have to determine the subset of accidents caused by sensible and experienced drivers?

I personally have doubts as to whether this dataset exists. Whenever there's an accident, and one party is determined to be at fault, would that party be automatically considered not to be a sensible driver?

If we don't have such a dataset, perhaps it would be impossible to measure self-driving vehicles against this benchmark?

by kccqzy

3/26/2025 at 10:00:47 PM

This is already much better than average, enough that it's going to take over. No one cares about car accidents in this country enough to stop this, even if it was only slightly better than average. For proof: Tesla.

Self-driving being the dominant form of driving is now a done deal, thanks to Waymo (and probably Tesla, though that's a policy failure imo), it's just a question of how long it takes.

My money is on a decade.

by senordevnyc

3/27/2025 at 5:37:55 AM

> Otherwise if you replace all 80% of the good drivers with waymos and the remaining 20% stay behind the wheel, accident rates are going to go up not down.

That's a ridiculous scenario. If anything, impaired drivers should be more likely to choose an automated driving option. But no need to to even assume that. The standard that matters is replacing the average.

by jksflkjl3jk3

3/26/2025 at 11:37:10 PM

Average professional driver might be a better target. After all Waymos are mostly going against taxi/uber drivers.

by tim333

3/27/2025 at 6:04:55 AM

> Average drivers include people who drive while drunk and on drugs

I hadn't thought of it until just now, but I guess that means the average driver is a little drunk and a little high. Kinda like how the average person has less than 2 arms.

by RandallBrown

3/26/2025 at 9:18:00 PM

One of the more interesting things Waymo discovered early in the project is that the actual incidents of vehicle collision were under-counted by about a factor of 3. This is because NHTSA was using accident reports and insurance data for their tracking state, but only 1/3 of collisions were bad enough for either first responders or insurance to get involved; the rest were "Well, that'll buff out and I don't want my rates to go up, so..." fender-taps.

But Waymo vehicles were recording and tracking all the traffic around them, so they ended up out-of-the-starting-gate with more accurate collision numbers by running a panopticon on drivers on the road.

by shadowgovt

3/27/2025 at 10:51:06 AM

I have always distrusted Waymo's and Tesla's claims of being safer. There are so many ways to fudge the numbers.

1. If the self-driving software chooses to disengage 60 seconds before it detects an anomaly and then crashes while technically not in self-driving mode, is that a fault of the software or human backup driver? This is a problem especially with Tesla, which will disengage and let the human takeover.

2. When Waymo claims to have driven X million "rider only" miles, is that because the majority of miles are on a highway which are easy to drive with cruise control? If only 1 mile of a trip is on the end-to-end "hard parts" that require a human for getting in and out tight city streets and parking lots, while 10 miles are on the highway, it is easy to rack up "rider only" miles. But those trips are not representative of true self driving trips.

3. Selective bias. Waymo only operates in 3-4 cities and only in chosen weather conditions? It’s easy to rack up impressive safety stats when you avoid places with harsh weather, poor signage, or complicated street patterns. But that’s not representative of real-world driving conditions most people encounter daily.

The NTSB should force them to release all of the raw data so we can do our own analysis. I would compare only full self-driving trips, end on end, on days with good weather, in the 3-4 cities that Waymo operates and then see how much better they fare.

by myflash13

3/27/2025 at 11:13:15 AM

Don't conflate Waymo and Tesla. Tesla FSD is by and large garbage, while Waymo is the real thing. Specifically:

1. Waymo is autonomous 100% of the time. It is not possible for a human to actually drive the car: even if you dial in support, all they can do is pick from various routes suggested by the car.

2. No, I'd guesstimate 90%+ of Waymo's mileage is city driving. Waymo in SF operates exclusively on city streets, it doesn't use the highways at all. In Phoenix, they do operate on freeways, but this only started in 2024.

3. Phoenix is driving in easy mode, but San Francisco is emphatically not. Weatherwise there are worse places, but SF drivers need to contend with fog and rain, hilly streets, street parking, a messy grid with diagonal and one-way streets, lots of mentally ill and/or drugged up people doing completely unpredictable shit in the streets, etc.

by decimalenough

3/27/2025 at 11:22:36 AM

Humans remotely operate Waymos all the time. And humans routinely have to physically drive to rescue Waymos that get stuck somewhere and start blocking traffic, and famously had like 12 of them blocking a single intersection for hours.

If you think FSD is garbage then you’ve clearly never used it recently. It routinely drives me absolutely everywhere, including parking, without me touching the wheel once. Tesla’s approach to self driving is significantly more scalable and practical than waymo, and the forever repeated misleading and tired arguments saying otherwise really confuse me, since they’re simply not founded in reality

by whamlastxmas

3/27/2025 at 11:38:32 AM

Waymo does not have remote operation capability. Here's a blog post from them explaining how "fleet response" works:

https://waymo.com/blog/2024/05/fleet-response/

It's possible to put the car in manual mode, but that requires a human behind the wheel.

I have a Tesla myself, and while it's a great car, it's a long, long way from actual autonomous driving and their own stats bear this out: it can manage 12-13 miles without driver interruption, while Waymo is clocking ~17,000. Hell, where I live, Autopilot can barely stay in lane.

by decimalenough

3/27/2025 at 4:41:43 PM

Will also add - the 17k miles is a self reported number with no way to verify that. That's also alleged miles between "critical intervention" and doesn't account for remote operators intervening all the time.

Additionally, Waymo's most recent quartlery report for California lists over 1300 incidents that had mandatory reporting by law. This includes 47 collisions, 40 of them being with another vehicle, 1 against a pedestrian, and 2 against bicycles:

https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transp...

That's for a single quarter, in very small sections of the state. If you made them operate globally like Tesla, there's be thousands of these.

by 93po

3/27/2025 at 7:36:53 PM

Do you have a source for remote operators intervening all the time? The 17k miles number is also for their testing with a safety driver, which means it's inherently tougher than the environments they operate without a driver.

If you're including disengagements in the 1300 "incidents", then it's highly misleading. As you said, it's only 47 collisions over millions of miles that also includes collisions in manual mode during testing. If you look at the collision reports [1], most of them are Waymos getting rear ended while being stationary. Remember, they have to report every contact event, including minor contacts like debris hitting their cars [2].

Tesla likely has orders of magnitude more incidents. The thing with them is that they don't report any of these numbers. Tesla doesn't even count crashes in their (highly misleading) safety report that don't deploy airbags.

[1] https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/auto...

[2] https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/file/waymo_021523-pdf/

by ra7

3/27/2025 at 4:29:40 PM

https://teslafsdtracker.com/

Community tracking shows 2600+ miles between critical disengagements in California, where the mapping is probably the best (if we're going to make a fair comparison to Waymo). Most recent firmware shows 98% of trips have no disengagement at all in California, too. If you made the operating zones extremely tight like Waymo, I'm sure it'd do even better.

Your link states this:

> In the most ambiguous situations ...[it] requests [to humans] to optimize the driving path. [Humans] can influence the Waymo's path, whether indirectly through indicating lane closures, explicitly requesting the AV use a particular lane, or, in the most complex scenarios, explicitly proposing a path for the vehicle to consider.

It's literally a human drawing a line on the map telling the car where to go, in the most manual of ways. It's not an xbox steering wheel and driving remotely, but it's absolutely the same concept with a different interface, including a remote brake button.

by 93po

3/27/2025 at 7:42:41 PM

> Community tracking shows 2600+ miles between critical disengagements in California, where the mapping is probably the best (if we're going to make a fair comparison to Waymo).

This isn't a fair comparison either. FSD is used a lot on highways where crash rates are lower (and hence disengagements will be too). Waymo doesn't go on highways yet and can already go 17k miles without intervention (with a safety driver) in places harder than SF and LA where they're already driverless.

> It's not an xbox steering wheel and driving remotely, but it's absolutely the same concept with a different interface, including a remote brake button.

How do you know they have a "remote brake button"? Waymo's blog makes no mention of any such thing. They categorically say remote operators have no control over the vehicle.

I think you're deliberately trying to mislead with your comments here by slipping in something false with known facts.

by ra7

3/27/2025 at 11:39:35 PM

How do you get yours to drive into a parking lot and park correctly? My HW4/v13.2.8 gets indecisive and ignores lines when getting to a destination. I always have to disengage before I can use parking mode.

by kmacleod

3/27/2025 at 12:37:52 PM

> The NTSB should force them to release all of the raw data so we can do our own analysis.

No need. Waymo releases raw data on crashes voluntarily: https://waymo.com/safety/impact/#downloads

They also compare with human drivers only in places they operate and take into account driving conditions. For example, they exclude highway crashes in the human benchmarks because Waymo does not operate on highways yet.

Waymo is open about their comparison methodology and it would be helpful to read it (in the same link above) instead of assuming bad faith by default.

Tesla, on the other hand, is a completely different story.

by ra7

3/27/2025 at 1:09:13 PM

* In cities where weather is not a major contributing factor to crashes.

Seriously, don't make these statements until you have data against drivers in Toronto or Chicago or Boston or NYC. Humans in snow, freezing rain, ice, and thick fog still wins against your AI. Show me the data stating otherwise or address the data cherry pick.

by 1970-01-01

3/27/2025 at 3:56:16 PM

It's the responsible thing to start in the best possible conditions, and slowly, slowly work yourself to harder conditions, only moving to the next step when the safety data from the previous step is better than human drivers.

Of course that means you don't have the data to compare Waymos with NYC drivers. Yet.

by perlgeek

3/27/2025 at 1:47:12 PM

>Toronto or Chicago or Boston or NYC.

....Europe....

by Ylpertnodi

3/26/2025 at 9:38:50 PM

This article neatly summarizes Waymo’s latest safety numbers, but Waymo’s site provides much more detail, including a full breakdown of their comparison methodology: https://waymo.com/safety/impact/

by ra7

3/27/2025 at 12:53:24 PM

But can they drive as aggressively as human drivers can? (which does probably increase accident rates a bit, but also can make rides 10-20% faster, especially if executed by an automated system that needs less safety margin)

1. Go as fast as possible without getting fines, violating speed limits whenever it's very likely to not be fined, doing maximum acceleration as needed (the latter configurable by the latter)

2. When there's congestion on the lane they need to take, take a free lane instead and then merge into the correct lane at the last possible opportunity, effectively skipping the queue

3. Run red lights when it can determine there is no enforcement camera on the traffic light, no police and no traffic

4. Aggressively do not yield to pedestrians unless unavoidable on crosswalks, swerving on the lane going the opposite direction as needed if pedestrians are on the side the vehicle is in

5. Aggressively pass slower drivers using opposite-direction lanes even when forbidden as long as the software can determine that it can reenter the lane before colliding with incoming traffic

6. Use barred parts of the road including sidewalks to bypass traffic when it's feasible to do so

7. Aggressively flash lights and tailgate on highways when on the fastest lane but behind a slower vehicle

8. When an emergency vehicle passes by, follow it closely to take advantage of its right of way

9. Aggressively do U-turns even when forbidden if it is determined to be possible

10. Ignore stop signs when it can see there is no traffic, and when it can't determine that plan to do maximal braking at the last moment if it sees any (the maximum braking needs to be rider configurable)

by devit

3/27/2025 at 1:05:49 PM

I used to take the same route regularly (with little traffic) and started timing myself. Speeding like a maniac in a decent car maybe got me there in 27 minutes instead of 30. I concluded it wasn’t worth it to speed or drive aggressively at all.

Well, until I drove a Dodge Charger R/T for a week. I could get there in 15 minutes. It had insanely good handling, amazing braking (enabling more aggressive driving), and absurd acceleration and handling at high speeds.

I concluded that was the last thing I needed and I drive a 50mpg Beetle now.

by trollbridge

3/27/2025 at 2:35:29 PM

30 min -> 15 min is absolutely frightening lol.

But agreed on your first part. When I actively rush to get home, but have the car I passed 10 mins ago show up behind me at a stoplight, it makes me realize it’s not worth it.

I view traffic as a form of a packet delivery system with a bit of time tolerance in either direction. Trying to rush through is fruitless and dangerous.

But you saying you cut your drive by 50% makes me question everything! Is it a busy commute?

by j_bum

3/27/2025 at 6:14:10 PM

Had lots of tight curves on it and quite a few places where you’d stop for a stop sign and then start up again. Fast engine = rocket off from those starts. Good handling = don’t need to decelerate in the curves.

by trollbridge

3/27/2025 at 12:58:23 PM

I recently took an Uber ride like this and can’t say it was pleasant. I’d rather the drive be 10-20% slower. When I’m riding in an Uber I’m often multitasking, and sudden acceleration or braking makes that pretty difficult.

by breckenedge

3/27/2025 at 1:05:11 PM

> 9. Aggressively do U-turns even when forbidden if it is determined to be possible

Just doing this until out of gas sounds like the easiest way to satisfy these constraints.

I wasn't going to comment, but I couldn't get this image out of my head nor stop laughing.

by sublinear

3/27/2025 at 1:26:12 PM

> but also can make rides 10-20% faster

There's no way you're getting anywhere near 20% faster journey times by driving faster, unless you are seriously speeding and only travelling on motorways/highways.

by IshKebab

3/27/2025 at 1:35:07 PM

I used to ride a motorcycle in the Bay Area and could get to work in less then 20 minutes, where a car would usually take me 60.

Lane splitting, driving 100mph when there’s enough space to do so, and generally being a maniac can get you places pretty quick. It can also pretty quickly make you dead. I survived 8 years of this commuting but I’d never do it again.

by ninkendo

3/27/2025 at 12:57:55 PM

Found the New Yorker

by Invictus0

3/27/2025 at 1:00:09 PM

Let's not let this guy build or train any AVs.

by ConfusedDog

3/26/2025 at 9:32:25 PM

The idea that everyone has their own "public transportation" (a computer chauffeur) seems lacking in foresight.

I suspect, but don't know, that buses are safer still? (Not aware of any airbags triggering, ha ha.)

by JKCalhoun

3/26/2025 at 10:00:02 PM

> The idea that everyone has their own "public transportation" (a computer chauffeur) seems lacking in foresight.

How so? As you increase the density of stops in a bus network and increase the rate of arrivals, there will be fewer passengers per bus, going on journeys that approach the fastest they could be. Why look at the one thing that has a really good chance of "fast, cheap and good" and say, "lack foresight?" My dude, it's the only game in town!

by doctorpangloss

3/26/2025 at 9:29:26 PM

Very excited for the future of AVs. So many lives will be saved using this technology.

by nickvec

3/26/2025 at 9:41:49 PM

purely anecdotal: one thing I’ve noticed is that Waymo’s ALWAYS use their turn signal. that’s already gotta put them above a large portion of human drivers in terms of safety ;)

by jedbrooke

3/26/2025 at 10:36:00 PM

Off topic, but I've always felt that the ideal way to address safety is by limiting the amount of freedom a vehicle has, i.e., force it to follow a predefined path. That is, replace road lanes with something like tram tracks. (I'm imagining vehicles being two/four person pods zipping around.)

This would vastly reduce the number of accident scenarios, be more efficient, and be much easier to automate. And would probably be good enough for 99% of use cases (i.e., work commute).

Obviously I don't seriously see anyone splurging on the infrastructure and bespoke vehicles for that. But I can dream.

by xlbuttplug2

3/27/2025 at 5:39:47 AM

> That is, replace road lanes with something like tram tracks.

My brother, you are describing a train.

> I'm imagining vehicles being two/four person pods zipping around.

Oh, never mind. Yeah, the reason that doesn't work is that if you're going to spend the money to build tram tracks or zip lines or whatever predefined path, then it is only economical to make a few set predefined paths. If you make a predefined path for every possible commute in the city, you will run out of money before getting very far. So ultimately, I would say a train is the closest thing to your ideal.

by firejake308

3/27/2025 at 5:46:03 AM

Tram tracks allow dual car | tram use on the same road in manner that train tracks do not.

Melbourne has tram tracks throughout the city centre and the cars move about the trams.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8F1_L3v9SHA

by defrost

3/27/2025 at 3:41:37 PM

> If you make a predefined path for every possible commute in the city, you will run out of money before getting very far. So ultimately, I would say a train is the closest thing to your ideal.

This doesn't seem to make sense. Surely a tram is still closer to it than a train. You're comparing the cost of trams to every home vs...the current number of trains? Why make that comparison?

by robertlagrant

3/27/2025 at 4:10:58 PM

There's a big problem with "car blindness" when it comes to cars, pedestrian crossings, car signs I think we forget how invasive they are.

So instead, I want you to imagine the sea or a very large bay, the most wide open space available, then I want you to imagine a ferry that can carry 500 people, big yes but there's still plenty of sea and its reasonably tranquil.

Now imagine 500 people on jet skis roaring around, then imagine that the jet skis and ferry are all trying to get somewhere different but that's relatively the same, perhaps commuting between the different sides of the bay.

If I was mayor I would put a stop to 500 jet skis and say look you have to use the ferry, people on jet skis keep colliding with each other, the noise is horrendous for people on the beach and makes swimming dangerous, and it's also wildly power inefficient when you step back - that's even if we ignore the pollution! 1000 spots to store a 500 jet skis on both sides of the bay is perhaps even worse!

If you can make a sea packed and grid locked with just 500 just imagine what it does to a city with thousands, hundreds of thousands, if you then turned to me and said the jet skis drive themselves! I would still think most people should be taking the ferry and there's a upper limit to sustainable jet ski use.

by slifin

3/27/2025 at 4:49:14 PM

The ferry is not originating or stopping at every possible destination on the shoreline, so the ferry is only useful if its passengers 1. have a second way to get from their origin to the ferry and a third way to get from the ferry to their destination. And if the ferry does stop at every possible origin and destination along the shoreline, then it's going to take much longer on average than a point-to-point jetski.

by ryandrake

3/27/2025 at 3:05:54 PM

In Europe (or at least in Spain) a very common ocurrence while driving is getting to a crossroad of slow traffic where you have to yield.

But traffic is heavy and you have no room to, for example, turn right.

So it's common practice to advance, little by little, until you're basically an obstacle and some other driver has no alternative than letting you in.

Otherwise, you'll spend much time waiting. To make thigns worse, the drivers behind you won't take this unending wait lightly either, so they'd get nervous and try to overtake you and all things get messsy.

How do these systems face this situation?

by _zamorano_

3/27/2025 at 3:20:53 PM

If the "other driver" is a German they would yell at you and cut you off. If a German driver would like to turn right in this particular situation they would set their indicator and wait until somebody lets them in -- which actually will happen rather quickly.

German drivers are full of contradictions (me too), it's quite heartwarming :D

by Propelloni

3/27/2025 at 3:50:25 PM

If you do it rightly (softly, no brisk movements) in Spain, the other driver knows this is the way. No honking and no yelling

by _zamorano_

3/26/2025 at 10:02:01 PM

This is very cool if it's not the case of "lying with statistics". I hope we will at some point see independent research into these safety claims. I don't really think too highly of my own driving skills, so I also hope that I live to see the day when I can just let my own car drive itself on most or all trips. And no, Tesla FSD ain't that, at least not yet - it does help with long trips, but in difficult situations it disengages at the worst possible moment. I want to tell the car where to go, and then never touch the wheel until I'm there, day or night, rain or sun.

by ein0p

3/26/2025 at 9:49:09 PM

You know what has even better safety statistics? Public transit including buses and trains.

Cycling also has better statistics when the infrastructure is given real attention, and it leads to better health outcomes.

by dangus

3/26/2025 at 10:09:08 PM

Those are all options that local governments should consider investing in. Private companies that don't take public money aren't the ones that should be building public transit.

Given that Waymo is testing in Tokyo now (and formerly Cruise), autonomous vehicles are clearly not mutually exclusive with well funded public transit.

by AlotOfReading

3/26/2025 at 11:48:16 PM

Self driving taxis are probably complementary to buses and trains. You can use them for the last mile those don't go to or when you miss the bus.

by tim333

3/27/2025 at 3:24:56 AM

People in the US don’t want to use public transportation due to the demographics of those who do use it.

by somename9

3/27/2025 at 6:42:21 AM

Temporarily embarrassed millionaires shouldn't lower themselves!

by switch007

3/27/2025 at 4:35:30 AM

If safety was the only thing that mattered the your point would be interesting

by krupan

3/30/2025 at 7:20:04 PM

I agree. It’s also important to get exercise and deal with the obesity epidemic which is a great reason to promote cycling infrastructure. It’s also important to deal with the air pollution that causes elevated asthma rates for people who live near interstate freeways. And of course, the 30,000 Americans who die in car crashes every year could have been taking public transit, cycling, or walking to their destination (yes, even in the suburbs). I find that because my point is multifaceted it is very interesting!

by dangus

3/26/2025 at 9:19:25 PM

I would hope so! Are these rides actually cheaper? Assumably this is orders of magnitude less expensive than hiring a human and the driver is what you pay for. I don't see myself ever getting in a car if my safety is actually a concern.

I don't see myself using any of these any time soon, I tend to drive and walk everywhere and don't see much point to paying someone else to drive barring extenuating circumstances. But assuming actual cost benefits are delivered to customers this might be pretty exciting.

by nukem222

3/26/2025 at 9:41:30 PM

Right now, they are pricing them similarly to Uber and Lyft, though they do seem to offer more frequent discounts and there is no tipping yet. The experience is better too, IMO.

by jsight

3/26/2025 at 9:42:26 PM

> But assuming actual cost benefits are delivered to customers this might be pretty exciting.

I imagine that will require a viable alternative. Right now they're in some senses superior to ride-sharing/taxis as they are (potentially) safer, and cleaner. So there's no real market pressure forcing them to lower prices beyond that of uber et-al.

by theLiminator

3/27/2025 at 9:52:37 AM

And trains crash less than Waymos.

by jussaying2

3/27/2025 at 2:33:49 PM

Waymos drive in a rather different environment. They do not drive in poor weather or on highways. They also drive much more cautiously (read: slower) and slow down others. Net effect on safety is not that easy to measure.

Not crashing yourself is not enough. You could accomplish that by driving 10mph always, but you'd be causing accidents all around you.

by dmitrygr

3/26/2025 at 9:26:54 PM

OT, but does anyone know what the shape of the curve for the number of automobile crashes per human driver? Is it uniform distribution, where everyone is more or less likely to get into, say, 1.2 fender-benders per lifetime? Or there is a cluster of people who are much more likely to be involved in crashes? I suppose automobile insurance companies would have this type of information.

by floxy

3/26/2025 at 9:32:13 PM

I'm willing to bet it's the latter. There's a reason your premiums go up after you get into an accident. Insurance companies are betting that you are going to have more of them.

by paxys

3/26/2025 at 9:54:08 PM

It's more complicated than just "good drivers" and "bad drivers". Your driving performance is very different on minute 10 of a trip vs minute 600, or 11am vs 11pm, or happy vs having a bad day. You're also very likely to be in very different environments at all of these times, and have different familiarities.

Insurance risk estimates are practical simplifications instead of trying to model how risky an individual driver is on a particular day at a particular time, in a particular area. Waymo's results are trying to compare to a statistically average driver with all other variables controlled.

by AlotOfReading

3/26/2025 at 9:42:11 PM

It is very much the latter. It is like the statistics of average alcohol consumption: half the people consume none, and that one guy drinks non-stop. In fact, the drinking guy and the crashing guy might be the same guy.

by jeffbee

3/26/2025 at 9:14:21 PM

Another point of view is, if CVC violations were enforced against human drivers as robustly as they are against Waymos; and if human drivers were held to the same standards of liability as Waymos; human drivers in California would be way safer too. To me, the overall safety of all the driverless programs should be interpreted as a huge victory for regulators.

by doctorpangloss

3/26/2025 at 9:28:46 PM

I think this is not accounted for in any of the data. There are a lot of bad human drivers that are not removed from the road. There are a lot is human drivers that never bother with increasing their skills or experience in driving. Those people can drag down the numbers.

Because with waymos anything learned by one is immediately available to all of them. Therefore you have lots of miles but effectively one driver. Now if you take human drivers and pick only the best, how do you numbers look then? Many people have driven lifetimes and not been in an accident or not in an accident that was their fault or reasonable predictable and avoidable by them.

Driving needs to be considered a lot more serious of a task than it currently is. There are many driving errors that are the primary cause of accidents but those people are never forced to get extended drivers education. Self driving cars are nice but if the goal is to prevent accidents it's a bit like requiring everyone to order prepared food to prevent injury while cooking.

At some point we need to get back to shaming those who are bad at something and requiring that they improve their skills rather that restricting everyone else's freedoms.

by elmerfud

3/27/2025 at 7:12:20 AM

> Now if you take human drivers and pick only the best, how do you numbers look then?

The numbers may look different, but does it matter, though? This is a benchmark, not a competition. Since we can't possibly get every human driver to the level of the best drivers, it's still a win for Waymos.

by selcuka

3/26/2025 at 9:51:02 PM

> There are a lot of bad human drivers that are not removed from the road.

Well. If you let people get away with murder by saying "Oh, I'm a confused little old lady, I thought the gas pedal was the brake." That's what I mean by robust enforcement. It is 100% not at all about data.

Consider this: A Waymo could be provably confused about a situation, we can directly peer into the state of its mind and prove that it is confused, despite driving safer than the average. Do you know what would happen to the Waymo program if one of its vehicles careened into a family of pedestrians and killed them all?

> something something about skills

Agency is kind of a myth. For human drivers, experts agree that road design has the biggest impact. Experts also think we should have better public transport.

The problems are bigger than Department of Unenactable Urban Fantasy or American Victim Blaming Institute. Self driving cars are exciting because they are like a cheat code around all these intractable social issues.

by doctorpangloss

3/26/2025 at 11:19:41 PM

Road design is an easy thing to blame and it's an easy thing to fix but it's also kind of a red herring. Because road design affects everyone so if accident distribution is not equal among all human drivers then road design disproportionately affects people who are bad at driving. This kind of indicates that skill is an important metric. That's not saying better design can't help people but skill is definitely a primary factor.

All of the driver aids that we have in modern cars lane sensors lane keeping, traction control, any lock brakes, and we can continue on with the plethora of driver aids. These are all great and useful tools but they are are being used as a substitute for improving driver skill. When what they should be doing is acting as an aid for driver skill and not a substitution.

Being able to drive a forklift and other heavy machinery on a closed environment work site requires a more training and more recertification than it does to get a driver's license in the United States. That to me is absolutely shocking. Because you have a closed course environment that has closed course regulations in place so there is less opportunity for randomness to occur. On the road nothing is closed about it you have complete randomness that you cannot factor in. So why do we not regularly require people to get retested and understand the rules of the road? I'm not saying tests are the best measure but when you see people who have been driving for two decades and they can no longer pass the written test for getting a driver's license, which is an exceedingly easy test, they should have their license revoked and be required to take driver education. When I say driver education I don't mean the fluff nonsense that we give today. It is fine as an introductory course to teach people the basics of driving. What we really need is an ongoing continual education for drivers to maintain their driver's license. Maybe that means we need a more robust public transportation system as well because there are definitely a lot of people who should not be having a driver's license. They simply do not have the cognitive wherewithal to be able to properly drive.

I suspect if you begin to look at the statistics accidents are caused by the same group of people repeatedly and those skew the numbers for everyone else.

by elmerfud

3/27/2025 at 3:32:31 AM

Stricter driving tests would inevitably be touted as racist.

by somename9

3/27/2025 at 5:48:09 AM

Racist? Honestly, I think it's racist of you to suggest that any one race is worse at driving than another. If you said it was sexist on the other hand...

This is just a joke about stereotypes btw. As for my actual opinion, I believe that pretty much every adult American needs to drive (unless they live in a big city), so trying to DQ anyone is effectively denying them the right to live independently. Rather, driving must be made easier with better technology and hopefully AVs.

by firejake308

3/26/2025 at 9:19:59 PM

Another point of view is: does the comparison involve similar vehicles, with similar maintenance, and under similar conditions?

by GolfPopper

3/27/2025 at 9:37:46 AM

Fatal crash risks are pretty low when doing laps in a car park :)

Joke aside, this is an interesting article. I wonder what the chances would be for a human driver to avoid the crashes in the circumstances described in the article (if at all). Clearly autonomous vehicles are passive by design in those situations.

by priced_in

3/27/2025 at 1:05:08 PM

okay great so it’s safer than a human driver… but this seems to be the wrong metric?

not that it can drive safer, but make things safer for everyone?

If the crashes it was involved in where the result of the waymo following the rules… how is that any better?

Less crashes, not it crashes less. Isn’t that the real goal?

by trainsarebetter

3/27/2025 at 7:14:51 AM

I believe the main reason people are scared about self-driving cars is that they all run the same software, so any unresolved bugs might cause multiple cars to be involved in accidents, which is something we don't expect from human drivers.

by selcuka

3/27/2025 at 8:41:06 AM

Are these bots used in antagonistic settings, where markings on the road are missing, other trafficants are acting irregularly or illegally, the road is damaged or has temporary obstacles and so on?

by cess11

3/27/2025 at 12:12:49 PM

Yes, they're driving passengers in actual cities and have been for years.

by Symmetry

3/27/2025 at 1:09:56 PM

cherry picked routes in actual cities.

by pnutjam

3/27/2025 at 1:52:13 PM

The cities are cherry picked but the routes aren't, except for avoiding highways. You can go to any address and that means sometimes having to avoid, e.g., chickens on the road.

by Symmetry

3/27/2025 at 6:14:14 PM

Yeah, but Waymo only drives in few selected environments. Unlike Teslas, they can't just self-drive on any random road.

by bufferoverflow

3/27/2025 at 5:46:49 AM

Do they crash less than human Uber drivers?

by kristianp

3/28/2025 at 12:10:25 AM

Seriously, that should be a comparison too, as Waymo is a direct alternative to an Uber with a human driver.

by kristianp

3/26/2025 at 9:23:41 PM

This statistic could be misleading, because not all miles are equally dangerous. Google is very careful about selecting where it deploys and tests Waymo, preferring flat, safe, well-designed areas. Routing is also closely monitored and I would imagine that problematic roadways are avoided. The article says they compared it to human accident rates "on the same roads" but doesn't clarify their methodology for "same"ness. It also doesn't factor in driver experience. A taxi driver who has memorized a particular route is likely going to drive safer than a tourist who has never gone on that same road before. Waymo may be safer than the average driver on X road but that doesn't mean it will have the same comparative performance if you drop it onto a random road it has never driven before with no assistance from human support staff.

by grakasja

3/26/2025 at 9:46:17 PM

They're going wherever customers in SF are ordering them to go. I was in SF last month, and everywhere I went there Waymos skulking around, even on little side-streets on top of hills.

by jyounker

3/26/2025 at 9:25:30 PM

> preferring flat, safe, well-designed areas.

Like downtown San Francisco?

by bryanlarsen

3/26/2025 at 9:33:18 PM

It took them a long time to deploy there and required extensive (human) preparatory work. I'm guessing that their algorithm was fine-tuned for SF specifically, possibly being taught to avoid certain roads and areas where possible, thus behaving like a veteran local driver. Not clear how well that scales globally, or if it would still drive much better than an average human in a random new environment that it hasn't been pre-trained for.

by grakasja

3/26/2025 at 9:43:19 PM

If Waymo is systematically choosing safer routes, that sounds like a good thing.

by jsight

3/26/2025 at 9:32:53 PM

Robotaxis might also make the human piloted accident rate go down, if enough inebriated people take AVs instead of driving.

by floxy

3/26/2025 at 9:31:01 PM

> The article says they compared it to human accident rates "on the same roads" but doesn't clarify their methodology for "same"ness.

Reading your comment before the article, my first thought was that "on the same roads" must mean literally the same roads - right?

But the article actually says:

> Using human crash data, Waymo estimated that human drivers on the same roads would get into 78 crashes

I agree that this is unclear. What data did they use, and why did they have to estimate at all? Shouldn't they be able to get the actual data for how many human drivers got into such accidents on this same exact set of roads over this same exact time period?

by jrussino

3/26/2025 at 9:47:09 PM

See https://waymo.com/safety/impact/#methodology

They compile human crash data from various sources (NHTSA, state data). But they are at a city level, not specific streets or areas. So they adjust the human benchmarks to be more representative of the areas where Waymo operates.

by ra7

3/27/2025 at 4:44:30 PM

I see many debates on this and other threads about whether a system is truly "full self-driving" if it requires human intervention in extremely rare cases. I think this misses the point. A system that requires human assistance only one in a hundred times is still automating away roughly 99% of the human work.

When customer support is 99% automated with the remaining 1% handled by remote humans it is often economically and societally the same as 100% automation.

The same applies to self-driving cars. If there's 99% automation and humans can handle the remaining 1% remotely, and if that combined system (including the handoff process) is safer in aggregate than a standard human driver, then you basically don't need drivers anymore.

You don't actually need 100% AI-only automation to make dramatic economic and societal difference. You just need 100% coverage through the human-AI combination.

by mchusma

3/27/2025 at 5:27:33 AM

I am a believer in the long term (and potentially now even the short term) safety benefits of this tech but I do worry about the social side of things. I really don't want the startup business model to set in where service X comes out cheap, kills the alternatives then drives the service quality down and the costs up. I also worry about the fact that this makes it even hard to travel with anonymity. I want to get from point a to point b and not be tracked. The idea that that will even remotely be possible with this type of service is laughable at best.

by jmward01

3/27/2025 at 7:36:15 AM

> I really don't want the startup business model to set in

It set in a long time ago. Uber killing taxis then jacking up prices, etc.

by ch33zer

3/27/2025 at 7:56:47 AM

I thought they were driven remotely by human drivers? Or supervised at least?

by ziofill

3/27/2025 at 9:38:55 AM

One of the things I come back to time and again with people who push back on AI is this argument that computer systems need to be "flawless" and "perfect".

I normally ask what the error rate on the humans doing that task are. It's never 0%. So the questions then come: can we beat that number, can we iterate on it, can we improve it in a logical way?

Humans have the benefit of being able to learn by example, and once something is explained the error rate falls (for a while, until they forget), so can we show the same mechanism in AI?

Quite often people will look for "a system" to do a role. I talk about "a process". I'm interested in how we continuously improve that process, which is much easier with a computer that can be trained than a human workforce.

This takes adjustment from leaders in organisation because they realise that an AI being introduced into a role isn't like Office or Photoshop where you just buy the thing and now you have a license and you're up and running: it's an investment in a sort of very cheap member of staff who can perform at helping a very expensive member of staff improve performance, accuracy and consistency. Once you've proven out that it's working at/better than the bar of the human, you then get to scale for less money than scaling the humans.

A lot of my meetings use the metaphor "we're not trying to build a robot that automates everything, we're trying to give your highly skilled workforce better tools to get more done, more safely, more accurately, and for less money". Some people get it, some don't.

Waymo is doing this, but with a much higher level of automation by removing drivers - if they can beat humans on safety and consistency, and reduce the workforce to monitors (each watching even 2 cars, perhaps many more), you've massively changed the economics of private hire transport.

In the same way I don't need to outrun the bear that's chasing us (I only need to outrun you), I don't need a perfect AI system that is flawless, I just need something that's better than you.

And, as per some other comments here, I find it interesting that people are showing "flaws" in these systems (walls painted like a road), that would fool humans too.

Years ago someone asked what would happen if they hailed a self-driving car to pick them up and then got on a train, to see if the car then tried to follow you to pick you up. They suggested this was a "hack" in the logic. But I wonder: would you do this to a human driver? What would you expect them to do? Follow you? Not follow you? Why are you trolling cars and their drivers?

The whole debate around this stuff just needs to grow up, frankly.

by PaulRobinson

3/27/2025 at 1:04:50 PM

[dead]

by curtisszmania

3/27/2025 at 5:42:58 AM

I'm dreading Tesla deploying some kind of fake self-driving taxi this year.

by Animats

3/27/2025 at 3:49:38 PM

Do people even believe the numbers anymore after years and years of these statistics based on perfect condition roads with barely any traffic, where they those numbers with human drivers in various weather and traffic conditions? I would look at these numbers with deep deep skepticism.

by kelipso

3/27/2025 at 3:51:40 PM

San Francisco is perfect conditions without traffic? Sure, no snow but plenty of other human hazards.

by asielen

3/26/2025 at 9:24:23 PM

False. Humans are driving in a much wider range range of weather, road conditions, car conditions, passenger conditions, routes, unknown destinations, etc.

by bmitc

3/26/2025 at 9:27:06 PM

Something like a third of traffic fatalities are due to one of the drivers being drunk.

by murderfs

3/27/2025 at 4:29:42 AM

In my experience there are also many drivers who appear to be deliberately driving in a manner likely to cause an accident. Not sure why. Perhaps either they're very stupid or perhaps they like the idea of hurting others.

by dboreham

3/27/2025 at 12:07:30 AM

As this explains, these factors were controlled for.

by danpalmer

3/27/2025 at 1:45:00 AM

Were these Waymo cars driving in Michigan during the winter or in Boston or New York?

by bmitc

3/27/2025 at 2:55:56 AM

No, but neither were the humans being compared to. It's comparing a Waymo and a human driver, on the same road, in the same conditions, etc.

by danpalmer

3/27/2025 at 1:54:02 PM

Right. So the point is that it's not a useful and practical result, and the title is indeed false and misleading.

by bmitc